UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201175 Marks204 Words
Q8.

Precis Writing - Passage Summary

Make a precis of the following passage in about 204 words. It is not necessary to suggest a title. Failure to write within the word limit may result in deduction of marks. The precis must be written on the separate precis sheets provided, which must then be fastened securely inside the answer-book.

How to Approach

This question tests the candidate's ability to condense information accurately and concisely. The approach involves careful reading, identifying the core arguments and supporting details, and then re-expressing them in a significantly shorter form. Focus should be on maintaining the original meaning and proportion of ideas. Prioritize key facts, arguments, and conclusions, omitting illustrative examples and repetitive phrasing. The precis should be coherent and grammatically correct, functioning as a standalone summary. Strict adherence to the word limit is crucial.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various sectors, and its integration into governance is becoming increasingly prevalent. While offering potential benefits like enhanced efficiency, data-driven decision-making, and improved public service delivery, the adoption of AI in governance also presents significant challenges related to ethical considerations, data privacy, algorithmic bias, and workforce displacement. This necessitates a careful and considered approach to AI implementation, balancing innovation with responsible governance principles. The following is a precis of a detailed analysis of these opportunities and challenges.

The increasing use of AI in governance stems from its capacity to analyze large datasets, identify patterns, and automate tasks, surpassing human capabilities in speed and scale. Applications range from predictive policing and fraud detection to personalized education and healthcare. However, the ‘black box’ nature of many AI algorithms raises concerns about transparency and accountability. Decisions made by AI systems can be difficult to understand or challenge, potentially leading to unfair or discriminatory outcomes.

Ethical and Legal Considerations

A key challenge is establishing ethical frameworks for AI governance. Algorithmic bias, arising from biased training data, can perpetuate and amplify existing societal inequalities. Data privacy is another critical concern, as AI systems often require access to sensitive personal information. Existing legal frameworks may be inadequate to address the unique challenges posed by AI, necessitating new regulations and standards.

Impact on the Workforce

The automation potential of AI raises concerns about job displacement in the public sector. While AI can free up human workers from routine tasks, it also requires investment in reskilling and upskilling programs to prepare the workforce for new roles. A proactive approach to workforce transition is essential to mitigate the negative social and economic consequences of AI adoption.

Ensuring Responsible AI Governance

Effective AI governance requires a multi-faceted approach. This includes developing clear ethical guidelines, promoting transparency and explainability in AI algorithms, establishing robust data privacy safeguards, and investing in AI literacy among policymakers and the public. International cooperation is also crucial to address the global challenges of AI governance. Furthermore, continuous monitoring and evaluation of AI systems are necessary to identify and address unintended consequences.

Key Recommendations

  • Establish independent AI ethics review boards.
  • Develop standardized data governance protocols.
  • Invest in AI education and training programs.
  • Promote public participation in AI policy-making.

Successful integration of AI into governance hinges on a commitment to responsible innovation, prioritizing human well-being and societal values. Ignoring these considerations risks exacerbating existing inequalities and undermining public trust in government.

Conclusion

In conclusion, AI presents both significant opportunities and challenges for modern governance. Its effective implementation requires a proactive, ethical, and inclusive approach, focusing on transparency, accountability, and workforce adaptation. Balancing innovation with responsible governance principles is crucial to harness the full potential of AI while mitigating its risks and ensuring equitable outcomes for all citizens. Continued dialogue and collaboration between policymakers, technologists, and the public are essential to navigate this evolving landscape.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Algorithmic Bias
Systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes, such as privileging one arbitrary group of users over others.
Data Governance
The exercise of authority and control (planning, monitoring, and enforcement) over the management of data assets.

Key Statistics

According to a 2023 report by Gartner, global AI software revenue is projected to reach $62.5 billion in 2022, an increase of 21.3% from 2021.

Source: Gartner, 2023

A 2022 World Economic Forum report estimates that AI could contribute $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030.

Source: World Economic Forum, 2022

Examples

COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm

The COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions) algorithm, used in US courts to assess the risk of recidivism, was found to be biased against African Americans, incorrectly labeling them as higher risk at a disproportionate rate.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of explainable AI (XAI)?

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to make AI decision-making processes more transparent and understandable to humans, addressing the ‘black box’ problem and fostering trust in AI systems.

Topics Covered

General EnglishWriting SkillsComprehension