UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-I201112 Marks150 Words
Q12.

Distinction between 'Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees' and 'Parliamentary Forums'.

How to Approach

This question requires a comparative analysis of two parliamentary mechanisms: Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees (DRPSCs) and Parliamentary Forums. The answer should begin by defining both, then systematically compare them across key parameters like formation, function, power, reporting, and membership. A tabular format will be helpful for clarity. Focus on the constitutional basis and rules governing each. The answer should demonstrate an understanding of how these bodies contribute to parliamentary oversight and policy making.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Parliamentary Committees are integral to the functioning of the Indian Parliament, aiding in detailed scrutiny of bills and policies. Among these, Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees (DRPSCs) and Parliamentary Forums are often confused. DRPSCs were constituted in 1993 as a significant reform aimed at providing expertise in specific subject areas. Parliamentary Forums, on the other hand, are ad-hoc bodies created for specific purposes, often dealing with broader policy issues. Understanding the distinction between these two mechanisms is crucial for comprehending the nuances of parliamentary procedure and accountability.

Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees (DRPSCs)

DRPSCs are permanent, standing committees of Parliament. They were established following the recommendations of the Rules Committee in 1993. Each committee focuses on a specific ministry or department (e.g., DRPSC on Education, DRPSC on Defence).

  • Formation: Constituted by the Speaker/Rajya Sabha Chairman.
  • Function: Examine bills pertaining to their respective ministries, scrutinize budgetary proposals, assess the functioning of the ministry, and make recommendations.
  • Power: Can call for witnesses, documents, and evidence. Have the power to conduct site visits.
  • Reporting: Submit reports to the Speaker/Chairman, which are then presented to Parliament.
  • Membership: 31 members in Lok Sabha and 10 in Rajya Sabha.

Parliamentary Forums

Parliamentary Forums are temporary bodies constituted by the Speaker/Chairman to discuss specific issues or topics. They are ad-hoc in nature and are dissolved once their purpose is served.

  • Formation: Constituted by the Speaker/Chairman for a specific purpose.
  • Function: Deliberate on policy matters, gather information, and formulate recommendations. Often used for pre-legislative consultation.
  • Power: Limited power compared to DRPSCs. Primarily focused on discussion and consensus-building.
  • Reporting: Submit reports to the Speaker/Chairman, which may or may not be formally presented to Parliament.
  • Membership: Variable, depending on the topic and interest of Members of Parliament.

Comparative Analysis

The key differences between DRPSCs and Parliamentary Forums can be summarized in the following table:

Feature Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees (DRPSCs) Parliamentary Forums
Nature Permanent, Standing Temporary, Ad-hoc
Scope Specific Ministry/Department Broad Policy Issues
Constitutional Basis Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Parliament Discretion of Speaker/Chairman
Power Significant – can summon witnesses, demand documents Limited – primarily discussion-based
Reporting Formal reports presented to Parliament Reports submitted to Speaker/Chairman; presentation to Parliament not guaranteed
Membership Fixed (31 Lok Sabha, 10 Rajya Sabha) Variable

For example, the DRPSC on Labour examines all bills related to labour laws and the functioning of the Ministry of Labour and Employment. In contrast, a Parliamentary Forum might be constituted to discuss the challenges of climate change or the future of education, bringing together MPs from various backgrounds and committees.

The DRPSCs are considered more powerful and influential due to their permanent nature and well-defined functions. They play a crucial role in ensuring accountability and improving the quality of legislation. Parliamentary Forums, while valuable for generating ideas and fostering dialogue, lack the same level of authority.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while both DRPSCs and Parliamentary Forums contribute to the parliamentary process, they differ significantly in their structure, function, and power. DRPSCs provide continuous, in-depth scrutiny of specific departments, while Parliamentary Forums offer a flexible platform for discussing broader policy issues. Strengthening both mechanisms is vital for enhancing parliamentary oversight and ensuring effective governance. The continued relevance of these bodies lies in their ability to adapt to evolving legislative needs and promote informed decision-making.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Pre-Legislative Consultation
The process of consulting stakeholders (experts, public, etc.) before introducing a bill in Parliament. Parliamentary Forums are often used for this purpose.
Parliamentary Oversight
The process by which Parliament scrutinizes the actions of the executive branch, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance.

Key Statistics

As of 2023, there are 24 Department-Related Parliamentary Standing Committees in Lok Sabha.

Source: Lok Sabha Website (as of knowledge cutoff)

According to PRS Legislative Research, the average number of sittings of DRPSCs has increased over the years, indicating greater engagement with parliamentary scrutiny.

Source: PRS Legislative Research (as of knowledge cutoff)

Examples

DRPSC on Information Technology

The DRPSC on Information Technology played a crucial role in scrutinizing the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, raising concerns about data privacy and security.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are DRPSC reports binding on the government?

No, DRPSC reports are advisory in nature. The government is not legally bound to accept their recommendations, but they are generally given serious consideration.