Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Piracy, defined as acts of robbery or criminal violence at sea, poses a significant threat to maritime trade and security, particularly in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The IOR, crucial for India’s trade and energy security, has witnessed increased piracy incidents in recent years, especially off the coasts of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden. Recognizing this threat, the Indian government has implemented a multi-pronged strategy encompassing naval deployments, capacity building of littoral states, strengthening legal frameworks, and fostering international cooperation to combat piracy and ensure safe maritime passage.
Naval Deployments and Maritime Security
The Indian Navy has been proactively involved in anti-piracy operations in the IOR. Operation Atalanta (EU Naval Force) and independent deployments are key components.
- Increased Patrols: Regular patrols by Indian Naval ships in piracy-prone areas, particularly the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea.
- Escort Duties: Providing escort to Indian-flagged vessels and other merchant ships transiting through high-risk zones.
- International Joint Patrols: Participating in joint patrols with other navies, such as those of the US, Russia, and Japan, to enhance surveillance and response capabilities.
- Remote Operating Vessels (ROVs): Utilizing ROVs for underwater surveillance and detection of potential threats.
Capacity Building and Assistance to Littoral States
India recognizes that a long-term solution to piracy lies in strengthening the maritime security capabilities of littoral states in the IOR.
- Training Programs: Conducting training programs for the naval and coast guard personnel of countries like Maldives, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka.
- Provision of Equipment: Providing patrol vessels, surveillance equipment, and other maritime security assets to these countries.
- Hydrographic Surveys: Assisting in hydrographic surveys to improve navigational safety and maritime domain awareness.
- Coastal Radar Systems: Installation of Coastal Surveillance Radar (CSR) systems in island nations to enhance maritime domain awareness.
Legal and Institutional Framework
India has strengthened its legal framework to effectively prosecute pirates and address related issues.
- The Maritime Anti-Piracy Act, 2022: This Act provides a comprehensive legal framework for dealing with piracy, including provisions for investigation, prosecution, and punishment of pirates. It aligns with the UN Convention against Piracy.
- Amendment to the Indian Penal Code (IPC): Amendments to the IPC to incorporate provisions related to piracy and related offences.
- Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR): Established in 2018, the IFC-IOR serves as a regional hub for sharing information on maritime security threats, including piracy. It promotes maritime domain awareness and coordinated response.
International Cooperation
India actively engages in international cooperation to combat piracy.
- UNCLOS: Adherence to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and its provisions related to piracy.
- Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS): Active participation in the CGPCS, a multilateral forum for coordinating anti-piracy efforts.
- Bilateral Agreements: Signing bilateral agreements with countries in the IOR for cooperation in maritime security.
- Information Sharing: Sharing intelligence and information with other countries and international organizations on piracy threats.
| Area of Intervention | Specific Measures |
|---|---|
| Naval Deployment | Patrols, Escort Duties, Joint Exercises |
| Capacity Building | Training, Equipment Provision, Hydrographic Support |
| Legal Framework | Maritime Anti-Piracy Act, IPC Amendments |
| International Cooperation | CGPCS Participation, Bilateral Agreements, Information Sharing |
Conclusion
The Indian government has demonstrated a strong commitment to combating piracy in the Indian Ocean through a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain, including the evolving nature of piracy, the vastness of the IOR, and the socio-economic factors that contribute to piracy. Continued investment in maritime security capabilities, enhanced international cooperation, and addressing the root causes of piracy are crucial for ensuring a safe and secure maritime environment in the region.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.