UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-I20115 Marks50 Words
Q36.

The first-aid that you can safely administer to a person standing next to you at the bus-stop who suddenly faints.

How to Approach

This question requires a concise, practical answer focusing on immediate first-aid measures. The approach should be step-by-step, prioritizing safety and stabilization. Key points to cover include checking for responsiveness, ensuring airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC), and placing the person in the recovery position. Structure the answer logically, starting with initial assessment and progressing to specific actions. Avoid medical jargon and focus on actions a layperson can safely perform.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Fainting, or syncope, is a temporary loss of consciousness usually caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain. It’s a common occurrence, and providing immediate, appropriate first aid can prevent further injury. While waiting for professional medical help, a bystander can take several crucial steps to ensure the safety and well-being of the affected individual. This response outlines the safe and effective first-aid measures to administer to someone who has suddenly fainted at a bus stop.

Initial Assessment & Ensuring Safety

The first priority is to ensure the environment is safe for both you and the person who has fainted. Look for any immediate hazards like traffic. Gently check for responsiveness by tapping their shoulder and asking loudly, “Are you okay?”

Checking Airway, Breathing, and Circulation (ABC)

  • Airway: If unresponsive, gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway.
  • Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If they are not breathing, call for emergency medical help (108 in India) immediately. If trained, begin CPR.
  • Circulation: Check for a pulse. If no pulse is detected, continue CPR until medical help arrives.

Positioning the Person

If the person is breathing and has a pulse, place them in the recovery position:

  1. Kneel beside the person.
  2. Extend the arm nearest to you above their head.
  3. Gently roll the person towards you onto their side.
  4. Bend the top leg at the knee to stabilize the position.
  5. Ensure the airway remains open.

Additional Measures

  • Loosen Tight Clothing: Loosen any tight clothing around the neck, chest, or waist.
  • Elevate Legs: If possible and there are no suspected injuries, elevate the person’s legs slightly to help increase blood flow to the brain.
  • Provide Fresh Air: Ensure there is adequate ventilation.
  • Keep Warm: Cover the person with a blanket or jacket to prevent chilling.
  • Do Not Give Food or Drink: Do not attempt to give the person anything to eat or drink until they are fully conscious.
  • Monitor: Continuously monitor their breathing and pulse until medical help arrives.

What NOT to do

  • Do not slap or shake the person.
  • Do not attempt to move the person unless they are in a dangerous location.
  • Do not leave the person unattended.

Conclusion

Providing immediate first aid to someone who has fainted involves a simple, yet crucial, set of steps. Prioritizing safety, assessing vital signs, and placing the person in the recovery position are key to preventing further harm. While waiting for professional medical assistance, these actions can significantly improve the outcome and ensure the individual receives the care they need. Continuous monitoring and avoiding unnecessary interventions are also vital components of effective first aid.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Syncope
Syncope, commonly known as fainting, is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the brain.
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions and rescue breaths to help maintain blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain when someone's heart has stopped.

Key Statistics

Approximately 3-5% of the population experiences syncope at some point in their lives. (Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA - Knowledge Cutoff 2023)

Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA

Sudden cardiac arrest, a potential cause of fainting, affects approximately 600,000 adults annually in the United States. (Source: American Heart Association - Knowledge Cutoff 2023)

Source: American Heart Association

Examples

Vasovagal Syncope

A common cause of fainting is vasovagal syncope, often triggered by emotional stress, pain, or prolonged standing. A student feeling anxious before an exam might experience this.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if the person doesn't regain consciousness?

If the person doesn't regain consciousness within a few minutes, or if they experience any difficulty breathing, chest pain, or seizures, it's crucial to call for emergency medical help immediately.