UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-II20115 Marks50 Words
Q39.

World Food Programme (WFP) of the United Nations (UN)

How to Approach

This question requires a concise yet comprehensive overview of the World Food Programme (WFP). The answer should focus on its mandate, functions, governance, recent activities (especially concerning India), and significance in global food security. A structured approach covering its establishment, key operations, funding mechanisms, and challenges will be effective. The answer should be factual and avoid overly descriptive language, adhering to the 50-word limit.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The World Food Programme (WFP), established in 1961, is the leading humanitarian organization combating global hunger. It’s a UN agency providing food assistance in emergencies and working with countries to improve nutrition and build resilience. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020, WFP operates on the frontlines of hunger, striving to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2 – Zero Hunger. Its work is crucial in addressing food insecurity exacerbated by conflicts, climate change, and economic shocks.

Establishment and Mandate

WFP was founded in December 1961. Its primary mandate is to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, focusing on emergency food relief, rehabilitation, and development assistance. It’s governed by the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and reports to the UN General Assembly.

Key Operations

  • Emergency Food Relief: Providing immediate food assistance to populations affected by natural disasters, conflicts, and displacement.
  • Nutrition Programs: Addressing malnutrition, particularly among children and pregnant/lactating women, through specialized nutritious foods.
  • School Feeding Programs: Providing meals to children in schools to improve enrollment, attendance, and learning outcomes.
  • Food-for-Work/Assets Programs: Helping communities build resilience by providing food in exchange for participation in projects that create or rehabilitate community assets.

Funding and Partnerships

WFP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from governments, corporations, and individuals. Major donors include the United States, European Union, and several member states. It collaborates with various UN agencies, NGOs, and local partners to maximize its impact.

WFP and India

WFP has been working in India since 1963, initially focusing on food aid. Currently, its focus has shifted to technical assistance, supporting the Indian government’s efforts to improve food security and nutrition. Key areas of collaboration include strengthening the Public Distribution System (PDS), improving maternal and child nutrition, and disaster preparedness. WFP assisted in providing fortified food during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Challenges

  • Funding Shortfalls: WFP frequently faces funding gaps, hindering its ability to meet growing needs.
  • Access Constraints: Conflicts and insecurity can restrict access to vulnerable populations.
  • Climate Change: Increasingly frequent and severe climate shocks exacerbate food insecurity.
  • Geopolitical Issues: Global conflicts and political instability disrupt supply chains and increase food prices.

Recent Developments (as of knowledge cutoff - Dec 2023)

WFP continues to respond to major crises globally, including conflicts in Ukraine, Sudan, and Yemen. It is also actively involved in addressing the food security implications of climate change and promoting sustainable food systems.

Conclusion

The World Food Programme remains a vital instrument in the global fight against hunger. Its multifaceted approach, encompassing emergency relief, nutrition programs, and long-term development initiatives, is crucial for achieving food security. Addressing funding gaps and enhancing collaboration are essential to strengthen WFP’s capacity to respond to escalating global challenges and achieve SDG 2.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Food Security
Food security exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Zero Hunger
Zero Hunger is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 2) aiming to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030.

Key Statistics

In 2023, WFP provided food assistance to over 119 million people in 80 countries.

Source: World Food Programme Annual Report 2023

Globally, an estimated 735 million people faced hunger in 2022.

Source: The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO)

Examples

Ethiopia School Feeding Programme

WFP’s school feeding program in Ethiopia provides daily meals to over 1.5 million children, improving school enrollment and attendance rates, and boosting local agricultural production through purchases from smallholder farmers.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does WFP differ from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)?

While both are UN agencies focused on food and agriculture, WFP is primarily a humanitarian organization providing direct food assistance, while FAO focuses on long-term agricultural development and policy.