UPSC MainsMANAGEMENT-PAPER-II201130 Marks
Q25.

Using the data given in the table, find : (a) Mean

How to Approach

This question requires a straightforward application of statistical principles. The core task is to calculate the mean (average) from a given dataset. The approach involves understanding the formula for the mean (sum of all values divided by the number of values) and then accurately performing the calculation. The answer should be presented clearly and concisely, demonstrating a basic understanding of descriptive statistics. No complex analysis or interpretation is needed, just accurate computation.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Descriptive statistics are fundamental tools in data analysis, providing a summary of a dataset's characteristics. The mean, or average, is one of the most commonly used measures of central tendency. It represents the typical value in a dataset and is calculated by summing all the values and dividing by the total number of values. In the context of management, understanding and calculating basic statistical measures like the mean is crucial for informed decision-making, performance evaluation, and trend analysis. This answer will calculate the mean using the provided data.

Calculating the Mean

The mean is calculated using the following formula:

Mean = (Sum of all values) / (Number of values)

To calculate the mean, we need the data from the table. Since the table is missing from the question, I will assume a sample dataset for demonstration purposes. Let's assume the following data is provided in the table:

Value
10
15
20
25
30

Step-by-Step Calculation

  1. Sum of all values: 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 + 30 = 100
  2. Number of values: 5
  3. Mean: 100 / 5 = 20

Therefore, the mean of the given dataset is 20.

General Approach with a Placeholder Table

If the actual data table were provided, the same process would be followed. The sum of all values in the table would be calculated, and then divided by the total number of entries in the table. The result would be the mean.

For example, if the table contained the following data:

Observation Value
1 5
2 10
3 15
4 20
5 25

The calculation would be:

  1. Sum of values: 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 = 75
  2. Number of observations: 5
  3. Mean: 75 / 5 = 15

In this case, the mean would be 15.

Conclusion

In conclusion, calculating the mean is a fundamental statistical operation. It involves summing all values in a dataset and dividing by the number of values. The accuracy of the calculation depends on the correct summation and counting of values. While this example used a sample dataset due to the missing table, the same principle applies to any given dataset. Understanding this basic statistical measure is essential for effective data analysis and decision-making in various management contexts.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Mean
The mean, also known as the average, is a measure of central tendency that represents the sum of all values in a dataset divided by the number of values. It provides a typical value for the dataset.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset, such as the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and range. They provide a concise overview of the data without making inferences about a larger population.

Key Statistics

According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the average SAT score in 2023 was 1028 (out of 1600).

Source: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2023

The average household income in India was INR 1.49 lakh per annum in 2022-23 (as per the National Sample Survey Office).

Source: National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), 2022-23

Examples

Retail Sales Analysis

A retail store calculates the average daily sales over a month to understand sales trends and make inventory decisions. The mean daily sales figure helps them identify peak and slow periods.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between mean, median, and mode?

The mean is the average, the median is the middle value when the data is ordered, and the mode is the most frequent value. Each measure provides a different perspective on the central tendency of a dataset.