UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20125 Marks
Q54.

Jacob his report already. (COMPLETE)

How to Approach

This question tests basic English grammar, specifically the present perfect tense. The task requires completing the sentence with the correct form of the verb 'to have' and the past participle of 'report'. The approach involves understanding the context implied by 'already' and applying the rules of tense usage. A concise and grammatically correct completion is expected. No elaborate explanation is needed; the focus is on accurate language application.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The English language, a cornerstone of communication in the globalized world, demands precision in its application. Correct tense usage is fundamental to conveying meaning accurately. The present perfect tense, often used with 'already', indicates an action completed at an unspecified time before the present. This question assesses a candidate’s grasp of this core grammatical concept and their ability to construct a grammatically sound sentence. The prompt, though simple, tests a foundational skill essential for effective written communication, crucial for a civil servant.

The completed sentence is: Jacob has finished his report already.

Explanation of Grammatical Structure

The present perfect tense is formed using 'has/have' + past participle of the verb. In this case, the verb is 'report', and its past participle is 'reported' or 'finished'. While 'reported' is grammatically correct, 'finished' provides a more natural and complete sense of the action. The word 'already' indicates that the action of completing the report happened before the present moment.

Why other options are incorrect:

  • Jacob is finishing his report already: This uses the present continuous tense, implying the action is still in progress, which contradicts 'already'.
  • Jacob finished his report already: This uses the simple past tense, which doesn't convey the relevance to the present moment as effectively as the present perfect.
  • Jacob had finished his report already: This uses the past perfect tense, which requires a further past reference point, not present relevance.

Contextual Considerations

The sentence implies a situation where someone is informing another person about Jacob’s completed work. The use of 'already' suggests a degree of expectation or perhaps a slight surprise that the report is done. The completed sentence effectively conveys this information.

Illustrative Example

Consider the following scenario: A supervisor asks about Jacob’s report. The response, “Jacob has finished his report already,” indicates that the report is complete and available, potentially before the expected deadline.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct completion of the sentence is “Jacob has finished his report already.” This demonstrates a clear understanding of the present perfect tense and its appropriate usage with adverbs like 'already'. The ability to construct grammatically correct sentences is a fundamental skill for effective communication, particularly important for civil servants who are required to produce clear and concise written reports and correspondence. This seemingly simple question highlights the importance of mastering basic grammatical principles.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to have an effect in the present, or an action completed at an unspecified time before now. It is formed using 'has/have' + past participle.
Past Participle
The past participle is a form of a verb typically used with auxiliary verbs (like 'have', 'has', 'had') to form perfect tenses. It often ends in '-ed' for regular verbs, but has irregular forms for many verbs (e.g., 'written', 'finished').

Key Statistics

According to a 2022 study by Cambridge Assessment English, approximately 70% of non-native English speakers identify grammar as the most challenging aspect of learning the language.

Source: Cambridge Assessment English, 2022

A 2021 report by the British Council indicated that English proficiency levels in India are varied, with a significant portion of the population requiring improvement in written communication skills.

Source: British Council, 2021

Examples

Use in Official Correspondence

A government official might write: "The committee has submitted its recommendations already," indicating the recommendations are available for review.