UPSC MainsENGLISH-LITERATURE-PAPER-I2012 Marks80 Words
Q23.

“The first that died was little Jane; In bed she moaning lay, Till God released her of her pain, And then she went away.

How to Approach

This question requires a close reading of the provided poem excerpt and an analysis of its thematic and stylistic elements. The answer should focus on identifying the poem's tone, imagery, and potential meaning within the context of loss and mortality. A concise response, focusing on the emotional impact and literary devices employed, is expected given the word limit. Avoid extensive biographical details about the poet unless directly relevant to the excerpt.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The provided excerpt, a simple yet poignant stanza, immediately evokes a sense of profound sorrow and acceptance of death. The repetitive structure and direct language create a stark and emotionally resonant depiction of a child’s passing. The poem’s power lies in its understated grief, focusing not on the tragedy itself, but on the quiet finality of death – a release from pain followed by a simple “going away.” This analysis will explore the poem’s use of language and imagery to convey this sense of loss and peaceful resignation.

Thematic Exploration: Loss and Acceptance

The central theme is undeniably the loss of a child, “little Jane.” However, the poem avoids melodramatic expressions of grief. Instead, it presents death as a natural progression, a “release” from suffering. The phrase “God released her of her pain” suggests a religious comfort, framing death not as an ending, but as a transition to a pain-free existence. This acceptance is further emphasized by the matter-of-fact statement, “and then she went away.”

Stylistic Devices and Imagery

The poem’s simplicity is its strength. The use of basic vocabulary and a regular rhyme scheme (AABB) contributes to a lullaby-like quality, perhaps reflecting a mother’s attempt to soothe herself or others. The imagery is minimal but effective. “Moaning” suggests suffering, while “bed” implies vulnerability and illness. The phrase “went away” is deliberately vague, softening the harsh reality of death. The repetition of “she” emphasizes the personal nature of the loss.

Analysis of Key Phrases

  • “The first that died…” – This opening line immediately establishes a sense of sequence, hinting at potential further losses. It also highlights the innocence of the victim – a “little” child.
  • “In bed she moaning lay…” – This paints a picture of vulnerability and suffering, grounding the abstract concept of death in a concrete image.
  • “Till God released her of her pain…” – This offers a theological explanation for death, providing solace and suggesting divine intervention.
  • “And then she went away.” – This understated conclusion emphasizes the finality of death, but also its peacefulness.

Poetic Form and Structure

The poem’s quatrain structure and consistent rhyme scheme create a sense of order and control, perhaps mirroring an attempt to cope with the chaos of grief. The regular rhythm contributes to the poem’s soothing, almost hypnotic effect. The brevity of the excerpt further intensifies its emotional impact, forcing the reader to confront the stark reality of loss in a concise and powerful form.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this short poem excerpt powerfully conveys the themes of loss and acceptance through its simple language, evocative imagery, and regular structure. The poem’s strength lies in its understated grief, presenting death not as a tragedy to be lamented, but as a peaceful release from suffering. The poem’s quiet resignation resonates deeply, offering a poignant reflection on the fragility of life and the inevitability of death.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Quatrain
A stanza of four lines, especially one having alternate rhymes.
Euphemism
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something embarrassing or unpleasant.

Key Statistics

According to UNICEF data (2023), approximately 4.9 million children died before their fifth birthday globally.

Source: UNICEF, State of the World’s Children 2023

India’s Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has declined from 48.7 per 1000 live births in 2014 to 28.7 per 1000 live births in 2020.

Source: Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin, Registrar General of India (Knowledge cutoff: 2023)

Examples

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is another example of a poem that explores themes of mortality and loss, albeit in a more elaborate and philosophical manner.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the phrase "went away"?

The phrase "went away" is a euphemism for death, softening the harsh reality and suggesting a peaceful transition. It avoids direct confrontation with the finality of death, offering a gentler way to express loss.