UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-I20125 Marks50 Words
Q15.

What is the 'Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat'?

How to Approach

The question requires a concise explanation of 'Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat'. The answer should define the concept, highlight its objectives, and briefly mention its operational aspects. A structured approach focusing on its establishment, function, and significance within the legal framework is crucial. The answer should be direct and to the point, adhering to the word limit.

Model Answer

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Introduction

‘Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat’ (Family Women Lok Adalat) represents a significant step towards providing accessible and speedy justice to women facing family disputes in India. These specialized Lok Adalats were conceptualized to address the unique challenges women encounter within the family structure, often hindering their access to traditional judicial processes. Established under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, they aim to resolve disputes amicably, focusing on conciliation and compromise, particularly in matters related to divorce, maintenance, and child custody.

What is Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat?

Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat are essentially benches of the Lok Adalat system, specifically constituted to deal with cases pertaining to family disputes where at least one party is a woman. They operate on the principle of amicable settlement through mediation and conciliation, offering a less adversarial and more accessible forum for dispute resolution.

Establishment and Composition

  • These adalats are established at the district level by the District Legal Services Authority.
  • The bench typically comprises a retired judicial officer, a social worker well-versed in family matters, and a female advocate.
  • The presence of a female advocate is crucial to ensure sensitivity and understanding of women’s issues.

Functions and Jurisdiction

  • Dispute Resolution: Primarily focuses on resolving disputes related to divorce (mutual consent and contested), maintenance (interim and permanent), child custody, and guardianship.
  • Conciliation & Mediation: Employs conciliatory methods to facilitate a settlement between parties, prioritizing the well-being of all involved, especially children.
  • Referral from Courts: Cases can be directly filed or referred from family courts.
  • Time-bound Resolution: Aims to resolve disputes within a specified timeframe, typically within a few sittings.

Significance

These adalats are particularly important because they address several systemic issues:

  • Accessibility: They provide a more accessible and less intimidating environment for women, who may be hesitant to navigate the formal court system.
  • Speedy Justice: They offer a faster resolution compared to lengthy court proceedings.
  • Reduced Litigation Costs: The process is generally less expensive than traditional litigation.
  • Empowerment: By facilitating amicable settlements, they empower women to take control of their lives and secure their rights.

Recent Developments

Several states have actively promoted the establishment and functioning of Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats. National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) regularly issues guidelines and conducts awareness programs to enhance their effectiveness. (Knowledge cutoff: 2023)

Conclusion

Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats represent a progressive approach to family dispute resolution in India, prioritizing accessibility, speed, and amicable settlements. By providing a specialized forum sensitive to the needs of women, these adalats contribute significantly to strengthening the justice delivery system and promoting social justice. Continued efforts to expand their reach and enhance their effectiveness are crucial for ensuring equitable access to justice for all.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Statistics

As of 2022, over 22 states in India have established Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats, with more than 600 functional adalats across the country.

Source: National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) Annual Report, 2022-23

According to data from the Ministry of Law and Justice, Lok Adalats (including Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats) resolved over 1.3 crore cases in 2023.

Source: Press Information Bureau (PIB), Ministry of Law and Justice, 2024

Examples

Case of Rajasthan

Rajasthan has been a pioneer in establishing Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats, successfully resolving thousands of cases related to divorce, maintenance, and child custody through mediation and conciliation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are the settlements reached in Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat legally binding?

Yes, settlements reached in Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat are legally binding and have the same status and effect as decrees passed by a court.

Topics Covered

PolitySocial JusticeAlternative Dispute ResolutionWomen's RightsLegal SystemSocial Welfare