Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The Brundtland Report (1987) defined sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” This foundational concept encompasses both environmental sustainability and the well-being of people. Environmental sustainability focuses on maintaining ecological balance, while sustainable development of people emphasizes equitable access to resources and opportunities. Both are crucial for long-term societal progress, particularly in a rapidly changing world facing climate change and increasing resource scarcity.
Environmental Sustainability
Environmental sustainability refers to the responsible use and management of natural resources to ensure their availability for future generations. It’s about maintaining the integrity of ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecological processes. Key aspects include:
- Resource Conservation: Minimizing waste, promoting recycling, and using resources efficiently.
- Pollution Control: Reducing emissions, managing waste effectively, and preventing environmental degradation.
- Biodiversity Preservation: Protecting species and habitats to maintain ecological balance.
- Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for the impacts of climate change.
The concept recognizes that the environment is not merely a resource to be exploited, but a complex system that supports all life. The Stockholm Declaration (1972) was a landmark event recognizing the importance of environmental protection.
Sustainable Development of People
Sustainable development of people focuses on improving the quality of life for all, ensuring equitable access to resources, opportunities, and services. It encompasses:
- Economic Development: Creating sustainable livelihoods and promoting economic growth that benefits all segments of society.
- Social Equity: Ensuring equal access to education, healthcare, and other essential services.
- Political Participation: Empowering communities to participate in decision-making processes.
- Cultural Preservation: Protecting and promoting cultural diversity and heritage.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN in 2015 are a prime example of a global commitment to sustainable development of people, addressing issues like poverty, hunger, health, education, and gender equality.
Interplay between Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development of People
These two concepts are intrinsically linked. Environmental degradation disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, exacerbating poverty and inequality. Conversely, unsustainable development practices can lead to environmental damage, undermining long-term well-being. A truly sustainable approach requires integrating environmental considerations into all aspects of development planning.
| Environmental Sustainability | Sustainable Development of People |
|---|---|
| Focuses on ecological integrity | Focuses on human well-being |
| Long-term resource availability | Equitable access to resources |
| Ecosystem services (clean air, water) | Improved quality of life |
| Example: Forest conservation | Example: Poverty reduction programs |
For instance, promoting sustainable agriculture (environmental sustainability) can enhance food security and improve livelihoods (sustainable development of people). Similarly, investing in renewable energy (environmental sustainability) can create jobs and reduce energy poverty (sustainable development of people).
Conclusion
Environmental sustainability and the sustainable development of people are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary goals. Achieving true progress requires a holistic approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic systems. Prioritizing both is essential for building a resilient and equitable future for all, ensuring that development benefits present generations without compromising the prospects of those to come. Effective governance, community participation, and technological innovation are key to realizing this vision.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.