UPSC Mains MEDICAL-SCIENCE-PAPER-I 2012

Describe the morphological features of full term placenta. Name any five congenital malformations of placenta.

Tabulate the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of eyeball along with their nerve supply and action(s).

Define reflex. Classify them with examples and their significance in daily life.

Why pancreas is called a dual gland? What is the mechanism of hyperphagia in insulin deficiency? How will you differentiate between hypoglycemic coma and hyperglycemic coma ?

Write a note on post translational modifications of protein.

Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings: (i) Type of joint (Classification of joint) (ii) Movements occurring at this joint (iii) List main ligaments (iv) Name the muscles acting at this joint (Do not describe each muscle)

Applied anatomy of dislocation of shoulder joint

What is meant by the term "frozen shoulder"?

Describe the origin, course and function(s) of corticospinal tracts. Add a note on effect(s) of damage to these tracts and the resulting paralysis.

Discuss briefly the role of different hormones in lactation. Why there is amenorrhoea during lactation and what is its importance ?

List the various types of cells found in the blood and their functions. What will happen due to deficiency of each type?

What are the effects of exercise on cardiovascular system ? What is the importance of exercise in maintaining the health of CVS ?

Describe the role of vitamins in prevention of Anaemia.

Nodular growth in neck is very common among population living in mountain areas. – Why ? How will you investigate such cases ?

Write in brief about: (i) Real time PCR (ii) Hepcidin (iii) VNTR (iv) Tag Polymerase

Define granuloma. Give the mechanism of formation of granuloma and give examples of granulomatous diseases.

Discuss cell-mediated immunity.

Clonidine is not preferred as anti-hypertensive in patients of coronary heart disease.

Amiloride is a good choice as diuretic than thiazides in digitalised patient.

Prolonged therapy with ketoconazole produces endocrine adverse reactions.

Racemic mixture of dobutamine is used to treat acute congestive heart failure.