Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The concept of rights and duties forms the bedrock of any just and well-ordered society. Rights, often understood as entitlements inherent to individuals, are frequently juxtaposed with duties, which represent moral or legal obligations. Historically, the debate has revolved around whether these two are mutually exclusive or intrinsically linked. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) emphasizes inherent dignity and equal rights, but doesn’t explicitly detail corresponding duties. However, a purely rights-based approach, devoid of a sense of civic responsibility, can lead to societal imbalances. This answer will explore whether a complete dissociation of citizens’ rights from their duties is feasible or desirable, considering both philosophical and practical perspectives.
The Interdependence of Rights and Duties
The philosophical basis for linking rights and duties can be traced back to thinkers like Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Hobbes, in his *Leviathan* (1651), argued that individuals surrender certain rights to the sovereign in exchange for protection and order, implying a duty of obedience. Locke, while advocating for natural rights, also emphasized the importance of fulfilling one’s obligations to society. This social contract theory suggests that rights are not absolute but are contingent upon the fulfillment of corresponding duties.
Constitutional Framework in India: The Indian Constitution, while primarily focused on fundamental rights (Part III), also outlines fundamental duties (Part IV-A) added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002. This amendment explicitly recognizes the importance of duties alongside rights. Article 51A lists eleven fundamental duties, including respecting the Constitution, national flag, and national anthem, cherishing and following the noble ideals of the freedom struggle, and protecting public property.
Arguments for Dissociation
Some argue that rights are inherent and predate any notion of duty. This perspective, often associated with libertarianism, emphasizes individual autonomy and minimal state intervention. They contend that individuals should be free to exercise their rights without being burdened by excessive obligations. Furthermore, the concept of negative rights – rights *against* interference – suggests that the primary duty of the state is to protect these rights, rather than impose duties on citizens.
Practical Implications of Dissociation
However, a complete dissociation of rights from duties can have detrimental consequences. Consider the following:
- Erosion of Social Order: A society where individuals demand rights without acknowledging responsibilities can become chaotic and unsustainable.
- Increased Burden on the State: If citizens do not contribute to the common good, the state is forced to shoulder a disproportionate burden in providing welfare and maintaining order.
- Inequality and Injustice: A purely rights-based approach may exacerbate existing inequalities if those with greater resources are able to exercise their rights more effectively than those who are disadvantaged.
Balancing Rights and Duties
The ideal scenario is not a complete dissociation but a harmonious balance between rights and duties. This requires:
- Civic Education: Promoting awareness of both rights and duties among citizens.
- Responsible Governance: Ensuring that the state fulfills its duty to protect rights and provide essential services.
- Accountability: Holding individuals accountable for their actions and ensuring that they fulfill their obligations to society.
Example: Taxation: The right to benefit from public services (education, healthcare, infrastructure) is linked to the duty to pay taxes. Without the latter, the former becomes unsustainable.
| Rights | Corresponding Duties |
|---|---|
| Right to Freedom of Speech | Duty to not incite violence or hatred |
| Right to Education | Duty to attend school and respect teachers |
| Right to a Clean Environment | Duty to not pollute and conserve resources |
Conclusion
In conclusion, while philosophical arguments exist for prioritizing inherent rights, a complete dissociation of rights from duties is neither feasible nor desirable. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin, mutually reinforcing and essential for a just and stable society. The Indian Constitution’s inclusion of fundamental duties underscores this principle. A balanced approach, emphasizing civic responsibility alongside the protection of individual liberties, is crucial for fostering a harmonious and progressive nation. Strengthening civic education and promoting a culture of accountability are vital steps towards achieving this balance.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.