UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20131 Marks
Q28.

The Principal, along with the teachers, are planning to apply for a leave.

How to Approach

This question tests basic grammatical understanding and the correct use of subject-verb agreement. The core issue revolves around collective nouns and whether they take a singular or plural verb. The approach should be to identify the collective noun ("Principal along with the teachers"), analyze its function in the sentence, and then apply the rules of grammar to determine the correct verb form. The answer should clearly explain the grammatical principle involved and provide a corrected sentence.

Model Answer

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Introduction

In English grammar, collective nouns represent a group of individuals but can function as either singular or plural depending on whether the group is considered a single unit or individual members acting independently. This often causes confusion in sentence construction, particularly when dealing with verbs. The question presents a scenario where a collective noun – "The Principal, along with the teachers" – is used, and the task is to determine the grammatically correct verb conjugation for a subsequent action, namely applying for leave. Understanding the nuances of collective nouns is crucial for precise and effective communication.

Understanding Collective Nouns

Collective nouns, such as ‘team’, ‘family’, ‘committee’, and in this case, ‘Principal along with the teachers’, refer to a group of individuals. The key to determining whether a collective noun takes a singular or plural verb lies in how the group is functioning in the sentence.

The Rule in this Case

The phrase "along with" introduces an addition to the subject, but it doesn't change the fundamental singularity of the main subject, which is "The Principal". The phrase "along with the teachers" acts as a prepositional phrase modifying the principal. Therefore, the verb should agree with the principal, which is singular.

Corrected Sentence and Explanation

The grammatically correct sentence is: "The Principal, along with the teachers, is planning to apply for a leave."

Here's a breakdown:

  • Subject: The Principal (singular)
  • Phrase modifying the subject: along with the teachers (prepositional phrase)
  • Verb: is (singular form of 'to be')

Common Mistakes and Why They Occur

A common mistake is to use "are" instead of "is," assuming that because "teachers" is plural, the verb must also be plural. This is incorrect because the subject is still "The Principal," and the teachers are merely accompanying the principal in the action. The phrase "along with" doesn't make the subject plural.

Further Examples

  • The jury is still deliberating. (Jury as a single unit)
  • The team are arguing amongst themselves. (Team members acting individually)
  • The family is going on vacation. (Family as a single unit)

Distinction between British and American English

It's worth noting that in British English, it's more common to treat collective nouns as plural when emphasizing the individual members of the group. However, in American English, the tendency is to treat them as singular, even when emphasizing individual members. For the purpose of a standardized test like the UPSC, adhering to standard American English conventions is generally preferred.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct sentence utilizes the singular verb "is" because the primary subject, "The Principal," is singular, and the phrase "along with the teachers" functions as a modifying element rather than altering the subject's number. A firm grasp of subject-verb agreement, particularly with collective nouns, is essential for clear and accurate written communication. This seemingly simple grammatical point highlights the importance of precision in language, a skill vital for effective administration and policy-making.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Collective Noun
A collective noun is a noun that refers to a group of things or people, treated as a single unit. Examples include team, family, committee, and crowd.
Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement is the correspondence in number between a subject and its verb. If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular, and if the subject is plural, the verb must be plural.

Key Statistics

According to a 2022 study by Grammarly, approximately 20% of written errors are related to subject-verb agreement.

Source: Grammarly Blog (2022)

A study by the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) found that errors in subject-verb agreement are among the most common writing mistakes made by college students.

Source: NCTE Research Reports (2015)

Examples

The Cricket Team

“The cricket team is practicing hard for the upcoming tournament.” Here, ‘team’ is treated as a single unit preparing for the tournament. However, “The cricket team are disagreeing about the strategy” would emphasize the individual players’ differing opinions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if the members of the group are acting individually?

If the members of the group are acting individually, it is grammatically correct to use a plural verb. For example, "The committee were divided on the issue." This emphasizes that each member had a separate opinion.