UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20131 Marks
Q57.

The hot weather (affects, effects) people in different ways.

How to Approach

This question tests basic English grammar – specifically, the correct usage of ‘affect’ and ‘effects’. The approach should be direct: identify the grammatical error, explain the difference between the two words, and correct the sentence. A concise and accurate answer is expected. No elaborate contextual discussion is needed. The focus is purely on linguistic correctness.

Model Answer

0 min read

Introduction

The English language often presents challenges due to words with similar spellings but distinct meanings and grammatical functions. The sentence "The hot weather (affects, effects) people in different ways" exemplifies this. Understanding the difference between ‘affect’ and ‘effects’ is crucial for clear and accurate communication. This answer will clarify the correct usage in the given context and explain the grammatical principles involved.

The correct word to use in the sentence is ‘affects’.

Understanding ‘Affect’ and ‘Effects’

‘Affect’ is primarily a verb, meaning to influence or produce a change in something. It describes an action. For example, “The heatwave affects crop yields.”

‘Effects’ is primarily a noun, meaning the result or consequence of an action. It describes a thing. For example, “The effects of the heatwave are widespread.”

Grammatical Breakdown

In the given sentence, we need a verb to describe what the hot weather *does* to people. Therefore, ‘affects’ is the correct choice. The sentence should read: “The hot weather affects people in different ways.”

Illustrative Examples

  • Affect (verb): Pollution affects air quality.
  • Effects (noun): The effects of pollution are harmful to health.

Common Confusion & Mnemonics

A helpful mnemonic to remember the difference is RAVEN: Remember Affect is a Verb, Effect is a Noun.

While ‘effect’ can *sometimes* be used as a verb (meaning to bring about or accomplish), this usage is less common and doesn’t apply to the given sentence. For instance, “The new policy will effect positive change.”

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct sentence is "The hot weather affects people in different ways." The distinction between ‘affect’ (a verb denoting influence) and ‘effects’ (a noun denoting results) is fundamental to accurate English usage. Mastering this difference enhances clarity and precision in written and spoken communication.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Affect
A verb meaning to influence or produce a change in something. It describes an action.
Effects
A noun meaning the result or consequence of an action. It describes a thing.

Key Statistics

According to a 2023 study by the World Meteorological Organization, heat-related deaths have increased by 68% since 2000.

Source: World Meteorological Organization (2023)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense globally.

Source: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (2021)

Examples

Heatwave in Europe (2022)

The 2022 European heatwave significantly affected public health, leading to thousands of excess deaths and straining healthcare systems. The effects included wildfires, droughts, and disruptions to infrastructure.

Indian Heatwaves

India experiences severe heatwaves annually, particularly in the northern plains. These heatwaves affect agricultural productivity, water availability, and the health of vulnerable populations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can ‘effect’ ever be a verb?

Yes, but it’s less common. As a verb, ‘effect’ means to bring about or accomplish something. Example: “The government hopes to effect positive change through new policies.”