Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The Indian struggle for freedom was not solely an indigenous movement; it garnered significant support from individuals across the globe who were inspired by the ideals of self-determination and justice. These foreigners, driven by diverse motivations ranging from philosophical convictions to anti-imperial sentiments, played a crucial role in shaping the narrative of the Indian freedom struggle, providing intellectual, moral, and material support. Their involvement extended beyond mere sympathy, encompassing active participation in movements, dissemination of information, and advocacy for India’s cause on international platforms. This contribution, though often overlooked, was integral to the eventual success of India’s independence.
Early Influences & Theosophical Society (Late 19th Century)
The late 19th century witnessed the arrival of individuals drawn to Indian philosophy and spirituality. Madame Helena Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott, founders of the Theosophical Society (1875), settled in India and promoted Indian culture and religion in the West. While not directly involved in political agitation, their work fostered a sense of national pride and provided a platform for discussing Indian identity, subtly contributing to the nascent nationalist sentiment.
Socialist & Labour Activists (Early 20th Century)
The early 20th century saw the emergence of socialist and labour activists who were critical of British imperialism. Shapurji Saklatvala, a British-Indian communist politician, became a Member of Parliament in the UK and consistently advocated for Indian independence. He used his platform to expose the exploitative nature of British rule. Similarly, Sylvia Pankhurst, a British suffragette and socialist, actively supported Indian independence and wrote extensively on the plight of Indian workers.
Journalists & Public Opinion Builders
Several journalists played a vital role in shaping public opinion in the West regarding the Indian freedom struggle. George Orwell, through his essays and novels, critiqued imperialism and highlighted the injustices of British rule in India. Katherine Mayo’s controversial book, *Mother India* (1927), while critical of Indian society, ironically sparked debate and drew attention to the issues facing India. However, it’s important to note the biased nature of such accounts.
Direct Participation in Movements
Some foreigners actively participated in the Indian national movement. Annie Besant, a British socialist and theosophist, became a prominent figure in the Home Rule League, advocating for self-governance for India. She was arrested and imprisoned for her activities. During the Civil Disobedience Movement, individuals like Reginald Sorensen, a British barrister, joined Mahatma Gandhi’s march to Dandi, demonstrating solidarity with the Indian cause. Mirabehn (Madeleine Slade), a British woman, became a devoted follower of Gandhi and lived a simple life dedicated to the service of rural India.
Impact of World War II & Post-War Advocacy
World War II further galvanized international support for Indian independence. Individuals like Tom Driberg, a British MP, actively campaigned for India’s freedom in the British Parliament. Post-war, the Labour government in Britain, influenced by public opinion and the efforts of these advocates, ultimately granted India independence in 1947.
| Individual | Nationality | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| Annie Besant | British | Home Rule League, Advocacy for self-governance |
| Shapurji Saklatvala | British-Indian | MP, Anti-Imperialist advocacy in UK Parliament |
| Mirabehn | British | Gandhi’s follower, Rural service |
| Sylvia Pankhurst | British | Support for Indian workers, Anti-colonial writings |
Conclusion
The role of foreigners in the Indian struggle for freedom was multifaceted and significant. Their contributions ranged from intellectual and ideological support to direct participation in movements and advocacy on international platforms. While their motivations varied, their collective efforts helped to raise awareness about the injustices of British rule and build international pressure for India’s independence. Recognizing their contributions provides a more complete and nuanced understanding of the complex history of India’s freedom struggle, highlighting its global dimensions and the universal appeal of the ideals of liberty and self-determination.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.