UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-I20135 Marks100 Words
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Q21.

The recent cyclone on east coast of India was called 'Phailin'. How are the tropical cyclones named across the world? Elaborate. (100 words)

How to Approach

This question requires a descriptive answer outlining the global system of naming tropical cyclones. The approach should begin by briefly acknowledging 'Phailin' as an example. Then, detail the regional bodies responsible for naming, the naming process (rotating lists, criteria for names), and the role of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Structure the answer chronologically, starting with the overall framework and then detailing regional specifics. Focus on clarity and conciseness within the 100-word limit.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Cyclones, powerful weather systems, are named to facilitate communication and avoid confusion when multiple storms occur. The recent cyclone 'Phailin' (2013) which impacted the east coast of India, exemplifies this practice. The naming of tropical cyclones isn’t random; it follows a systematic approach coordinated globally by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) through its regional specialized meteorological centres (RSMCs) and regional bodies. This system aims to reduce ambiguity and enhance public awareness regarding impending threats.

Global Naming Conventions

The WMO coordinates the naming of tropical cyclones across different ocean basins. Each of the six Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres (RSMCs) – New Delhi (North Indian Ocean), Tokyo (North-West Pacific), Honolulu (Central North Pacific), Miami (Atlantic & Eastern North Pacific), Wellington (South-West Pacific), and La Reunion (South Indian Ocean) – maintains rotating lists of names.

Regional Bodies & Lists

  • North Indian Ocean: WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones – Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
  • North-West Pacific: Typhoon Committee – 14 member countries.
  • Atlantic & Eastern North Pacific: Names are maintained and updated by the WMO.

Naming Process

Each region has pre-determined lists of names, typically alphabetical, and alternates between male and female names. Once a cyclone reaches a certain intensity (wind speed), it’s assigned the next name on the list. If a cyclone is particularly deadly or costly, its name is retired and replaced with another. The lists are revised periodically.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the naming of tropical cyclones is a globally coordinated effort led by the WMO, utilizing rotating lists maintained by regional bodies. This system enhances communication, preparedness, and public awareness, ultimately contributing to disaster risk reduction. The process ensures clarity and avoids confusion during simultaneous storm events, as exemplified by cyclones like 'Phailin'.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

RSMC
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre: A centre designated by the WMO to provide meteorological and hydrological services for a specific region.
Tropical Cyclone
A rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or subtropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation.

Key Statistics

Approximately 140 cyclones and tropical storms form worldwide each year.

Source: World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - Knowledge cutoff 2023

The North Indian Ocean experiences approximately 5-6 cyclones annually, with varying intensities.

Source: India Meteorological Department (IMD) - Knowledge cutoff 2023

Examples

Cyclone Amphan

Cyclone Amphan (2020), a super cyclonic storm, caused widespread devastation in West Bengal and Bangladesh. Its name was from the list maintained by the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are some cyclone names retired?

Cyclone names are retired when a storm is particularly deadly or costly to prevent the use of a name associated with significant tragedy, showing respect for the affected communities.

Topics Covered

GeographyScienceMeteorologyClimate ChangeDisaster Management