Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Ethics, at its core, is the moral principles governing a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity. Throughout history, philosophers have grappled with defining these principles, offering insights into how we ought to live and interact with one another. In a world increasingly characterized by complexity, rapid change, and moral ambiguity, revisiting the wisdom of these thinkers is crucial. The following analysis will explore three quotations from great moral thinkers, examining their enduring relevance in the present context, particularly concerning issues of integrity, social responsibility, and the pursuit of a meaningful life.
Quote 1: “The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.” – Socrates
Socrates’ famous assertion highlights the importance of intellectual humility. In the present context, this quote is profoundly relevant in an age of information overload and the proliferation of ‘fake news’. The ease with which misinformation spreads, coupled with the tendency to form echo chambers, can lead to a false sense of certainty.
- Relevance to Governance: Bureaucrats and policymakers, often perceived as possessing expertise, must acknowledge the limits of their knowledge and be open to diverse perspectives. The ‘Right to Information’ Act, 2005, while empowering citizens, also necessitates a humble approach from those in power, recognizing that transparency demands accountability and a willingness to admit fallibility.
- Relevance to Technology: The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning demonstrate the limits of human understanding. Algorithms, despite their sophistication, are based on data and assumptions that can be flawed. A Socratic approach encourages critical evaluation of AI’s outputs and a recognition that these technologies are tools, not oracles.
- Example: The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the evolving understanding of the virus and the initial uncertainties surrounding its transmission and treatment. Acknowledging the ‘unknowns’ was crucial for adapting public health strategies.
Quote 2: “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.” – Aristotle
Aristotle’s emphasis on habit underscores the formative power of consistent action. This quote speaks directly to the cultivation of ethical character and the pursuit of excellence in all spheres of life. It suggests that morality isn’t merely about grand gestures but about the small, daily choices that shape our identities.
- Relevance to Public Service: For civil servants, ethical conduct isn’t a one-time commitment but a continuous practice. The emphasis on integrity, impartiality, and dedication to public service, as outlined in the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, requires consistent adherence to these principles.
- Relevance to Personal Development: Building virtues like honesty, compassion, and resilience requires deliberate effort and repeated practice. This is particularly important in a competitive environment where short-term gains might tempt individuals to compromise their values.
- Example: The success of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) isn’t solely attributable to brilliant scientists but also to a culture of meticulousness, perseverance, and a commitment to excellence ingrained through years of dedicated work.
Quote 3: “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” – Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi’s powerful statement advocates for non-violence and reconciliation. In a world plagued by conflict, retribution, and cycles of violence, this quote serves as a potent reminder of the destructive consequences of revenge. It challenges the notion that inflicting suffering on others will ultimately bring peace or justice.
- Relevance to International Relations: The principle of ‘retaliatory deterrence’ in international security, while seemingly logical, can escalate conflicts and lead to devastating consequences. Gandhi’s philosophy suggests that a more sustainable approach lies in dialogue, diplomacy, and addressing the root causes of conflict.
- Relevance to Criminal Justice: The death penalty, often justified as retribution for heinous crimes, raises ethical concerns about the state’s role in perpetuating violence. Gandhi’s message encourages a focus on rehabilitation and restorative justice.
- Example: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa, established after the end of apartheid, exemplified a commitment to healing and reconciliation rather than retribution, offering amnesty to perpetrators in exchange for truthful testimony.
Conclusion
These three quotations, spanning different eras and philosophical traditions, offer timeless wisdom for navigating the complexities of the modern world. Socrates’ humility, Aristotle’s emphasis on habit, and Gandhi’s advocacy for non-violence provide a framework for ethical decision-making, responsible governance, and peaceful coexistence. Ultimately, embracing these principles requires a conscious effort to cultivate inner virtues, challenge prevailing assumptions, and prioritize long-term well-being over short-term gains. A society that values these ideals is more likely to foster justice, compassion, and sustainable progress.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.