UPSC MainsMANAGEMENT-PAPER-II20136 Marks
Q12.

Determine the weekly product yield of good quality cabinets without process improvement.

How to Approach

This question requires a practical, operations management-focused answer. The core lies in understanding the current state of cabinet production – yield, quality, and existing processes – *without* suggesting improvements. The answer should focus on data collection methods, process observation, and a realistic estimation based on available information. A structured approach involving defining yield, outlining data sources, and presenting a calculated estimate is crucial. The answer should avoid any prescriptive solutions.

Model Answer

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Introduction

In manufacturing operations, product yield is a critical performance indicator, representing the percentage of products meeting quality standards produced from a given input of raw materials. Determining the weekly product yield of good quality cabinets without process improvement necessitates a thorough assessment of the existing production system. This involves analyzing historical production data, identifying bottlenecks, and quantifying the proportion of cabinets that consistently meet pre-defined quality criteria. This assessment is foundational for establishing a baseline against which future process improvements can be measured.

Understanding Product Yield & Quality

Product yield, in this context, refers to the number of cabinets that pass final quality control checks divided by the total number of cabinets started in production for that week, expressed as a percentage. ‘Good quality’ is defined by pre-established criteria, including dimensional accuracy, surface finish, hardware functionality, and structural integrity. These criteria must be clearly defined before yield calculation.

Data Sources for Yield Determination

To determine the weekly yield, several data sources need to be examined:

  • Production Records: Daily/weekly production logs detailing the number of cabinets started, completed, and rejected at each stage of production (cutting, assembly, finishing, quality control).
  • Quality Control Reports: Detailed reports from the quality control department outlining the reasons for rejection (e.g., warping, scratches, incorrect dimensions, faulty hardware).
  • Work Order Data: Information on materials used, labor hours spent, and machine utilization for each production run.
  • Inventory Records: Tracking of raw material input and finished goods output.

Methodology for Yield Calculation

The following steps are crucial for calculating the weekly yield:

  1. Define the ‘Week’ Period: Establish a consistent definition of a ‘week’ (e.g., Monday to Sunday).
  2. Identify Total Cabinets Started: Determine the total number of cabinets initiated in production during the defined week.
  3. Identify Rejected Cabinets: Sum the number of cabinets rejected at each quality control stage during the week.
  4. Calculate Good Quality Cabinets: Subtract the number of rejected cabinets from the total number of cabinets started.
  5. Calculate Weekly Yield: (Number of Good Quality Cabinets / Total Number of Cabinets Started) * 100

Example Calculation & Potential Yield Range

Let's assume, based on a review of the data sources, the following scenario for a typical week:

  • Total Cabinets Started: 200
  • Cabinets Rejected – Cutting Stage: 5
  • Cabinets Rejected – Assembly Stage: 8
  • Cabinets Rejected – Finishing Stage: 7
  • Cabinets Rejected – Final Quality Control: 10

Total Rejected Cabinets: 5 + 8 + 7 + 10 = 30

Good Quality Cabinets: 200 - 30 = 170

Weekly Yield: (170 / 200) * 100 = 85%

Without process improvement, a realistic weekly yield for good quality cabinets could range from 75% to 88%. This range accounts for inherent variations in material quality, operator skill, and machine performance. A yield consistently below 75% would indicate significant underlying issues even without considering improvement opportunities.

Factors Influencing Yield (Without Improvement)

Several factors will continue to influence the yield even without process changes:

  • Raw Material Quality: Variations in wood quality (moisture content, knots, grain) will lead to defects.
  • Operator Skill & Training: Inconsistent operator performance will result in errors.
  • Machine Maintenance: Lack of regular maintenance will cause machine inaccuracies and breakdowns.
  • Environmental Conditions: Temperature and humidity fluctuations can affect wood and finishing materials.
Rejection Stage Typical Rejection Reasons (Without Improvement) Estimated % of Total Rejections
Cutting Incorrect dimensions, splintering, material waste 15-20%
Assembly Misalignment, loose joints, hardware issues 20-25%
Finishing Uneven coating, scratches, blemishes 15-20%
Final QC Structural defects, hardware malfunction, aesthetic flaws 25-30%

Conclusion

Determining the weekly product yield of good quality cabinets without process improvement requires a systematic data collection and analysis approach. Based on the outlined methodology and a hypothetical example, a yield of approximately 85% is plausible, with a realistic range of 75-88%. This baseline yield is influenced by inherent factors like raw material quality, operator skill, and machine condition. Establishing this baseline is crucial for future performance monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of any subsequent process improvement initiatives.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Six Sigma
A set of techniques and tools for process improvement that seeks to improve the quality by defining customer critical to quality (CTQ) and reducing defects to near zero.
Bottleneck
A stage in a production process that limits the overall throughput. Identifying and managing bottlenecks is crucial for improving yield and efficiency.

Key Statistics

According to a 2023 report by Statista, the global furniture market was valued at approximately $625 billion, highlighting the importance of efficient manufacturing processes.

Source: Statista (2023)

The furniture industry in India is estimated to be worth over $20 billion and is growing at a CAGR of around 8% (as of 2022).

Source: IBEF (India Brand Equity Foundation) - Knowledge cutoff 2023

Examples

Toyota Production System (TPS)

While this question asks for a baseline *without* improvement, the TPS demonstrates the potential of lean manufacturing. TPS focuses on minimizing waste and maximizing efficiency, leading to significantly higher yields and quality.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if data is incomplete or unavailable?

In cases of incomplete data, estimations based on sampling and historical trends can be used. However, it's crucial to acknowledge the limitations of these estimations and state the assumptions made.