UPSC MainsPUBLIC-ADMINISTRATION-PAPER-II201310 Marks150 Words
Q18.

Reducing the size (geographical area) of the district will provide relief to the overburdened and overworked collector." Comment.

How to Approach

This question requires a nuanced understanding of district administration and the challenges faced by collectors. The answer should move beyond a simple 'yes' or 'no' and explore the complexities involved. Key points to cover include the reasons for collector overburden, how smaller districts might alleviate this, potential drawbacks of fragmentation, and the need for complementary reforms. Structure: Introduction defining the role of a collector, body discussing pros and cons of smaller districts, and conclusion offering a balanced perspective.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The District Collector, as the chief representative of the state government at the district level, is a pivotal figure in Indian administration. They are responsible for a wide array of functions – revenue administration, maintenance of law and order, disaster management, implementation of development programs, and coordination of various government departments. However, the increasing population, complex socio-economic issues, and expanding administrative responsibilities have led to a significant workload for collectors, raising concerns about their effectiveness. The proposition that reducing the geographical size of districts will alleviate this burden warrants a detailed examination.

The Burden on District Collectors

Collectors are often overburdened due to several factors:

  • Large Geographical Area: Many districts in India are vast, making it difficult to effectively monitor and administer all areas.
  • Increasing Population Density: Higher population leads to more grievances, disputes, and demands on administrative services.
  • Multiplicity of Functions: Collectors juggle numerous responsibilities, often lacking specialized expertise in all areas.
  • Staff Shortages: Many districts face shortages of administrative staff, further increasing the workload on the collector.
  • Political Interference: Frequent transfers and political pressures can disrupt administrative efficiency.

Arguments in Favor of Smaller Districts

Reducing the size of districts can offer several benefits:

  • Improved Accessibility: Smaller districts bring the administration closer to the people, enhancing accessibility and responsiveness.
  • Enhanced Monitoring: A smaller area allows for more effective monitoring of development programs and better enforcement of regulations.
  • Reduced Travel Time: Collectors can spend more time on administrative work and less on travelling across the district.
  • Better Coordination: Easier coordination with local officials and stakeholders.
  • Specialized Focus: Smaller districts can potentially focus on specific developmental challenges relevant to their region.

Potential Drawbacks and Challenges

However, simply reducing the size of districts is not a panacea and presents certain challenges:

  • Administrative Costs: Creating new districts increases administrative costs – establishing new offices, recruiting staff, and maintaining infrastructure.
  • Duplication of Efforts: Fragmentation can lead to duplication of efforts and a lack of synergy between districts.
  • Loss of Economies of Scale: Larger districts benefit from economies of scale in certain administrative functions.
  • Inter-District Disputes: Smaller districts may be more prone to inter-district disputes over resources and jurisdiction.
  • Need for Complementary Reforms: Reducing district size alone won't solve the problem if accompanied by staff shortages, lack of capacity building, and inadequate infrastructure.

Examples and Recent Developments

Several states have undertaken district reorganization in recent years. For example, Telangana significantly increased the number of districts from 10 to 33 in 2016, aiming to improve administrative efficiency. Similarly, Andhra Pradesh also reorganized its districts. However, the effectiveness of these reorganizations is still being evaluated. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2008) also recommended rationalization of district boundaries and creation of smaller, more manageable districts.

Aspect Larger Districts Smaller Districts
Administrative Cost Lower Higher
Accessibility Lower Higher
Monitoring Efficiency Lower Higher
Coordination More Complex Easier

Conclusion

While reducing the geographical size of districts can potentially alleviate the burden on collectors by improving accessibility and monitoring, it is not a standalone solution. The success of such a move hinges on complementary reforms such as adequate staffing, capacity building, infrastructure development, and effective coordination mechanisms. A holistic approach, considering the specific socio-economic context of each state, is crucial for optimizing district administration and ensuring effective governance. Simply creating more districts without addressing underlying systemic issues may lead to increased administrative costs and limited improvements in service delivery.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Magisterial Powers
Magisterial powers refer to the authority vested in the District Collector to maintain law and order, prevent crime, and administer justice within their jurisdiction. These powers are derived from the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).
Revenue Administration
Revenue administration refers to the management of land records, collection of land revenue, and maintenance of land ownership information, a core function of the District Collector.

Key Statistics

As of 2023, India has 766 districts (including newly formed ones). The average area of a district in India is approximately 4,384 square kilometers.

Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (as of knowledge cutoff)

According to the Economic Survey 2022-23, approximately 68% of grievances received by district administrations are related to public service delivery.

Source: Economic Survey 2022-23, Government of India (as of knowledge cutoff)

Examples

Chhattisgarh's Bastar District

Bastar district in Chhattisgarh, known for its large geographical area and challenging terrain, faces significant administrative difficulties. The creation of new districts carved out of Bastar aims to improve governance and address the needs of the local population more effectively.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of technology in reducing the burden on District Collectors?

Technology can play a crucial role through e-governance initiatives like online grievance redressal systems, digital land records, and real-time monitoring of development projects. This can automate routine tasks, improve transparency, and reduce the workload on collectors.

Topics Covered

PolityGovernanceLocal AdministrationAdministrative ReformsDistrict Planning