UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201410 Marks
Q37.

In the event of his being late, he will be punished.

How to Approach

This question tests the understanding of conditional sentences and grammatical correctness. The approach should involve identifying the grammatical error, explaining the correct structure for conditional sentences (specifically Type 1), and rewriting the sentence to adhere to standard English grammar. Focus on clarity, conciseness, and demonstrating a firm grasp of conditional sentence construction. The answer should not merely correct the sentence but explain *why* the correction is necessary.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Conditional sentences are a fundamental aspect of English grammar, expressing that one event is dependent on another. They are categorized into different types based on the probability of the condition being met. The given sentence, "In the event of his being late, he will be punished," while understandable, contains a grammatical awkwardness common in less formal English. This answer will dissect the sentence, identify the grammatical issue related to the gerund construction following "of," and provide a corrected version along with a detailed explanation of the grammatical principles involved.

Identifying the Grammatical Issue

The primary issue lies in the phrase "his being late." While not strictly incorrect, it's stylistically awkward and less common in formal English. The use of the gerund ("being") after "of" in this context creates a somewhat cumbersome construction. Conditional sentences, particularly Type 1 (likely to happen), generally benefit from a more direct and concise phrasing.

Understanding Conditional Sentence Types

Before correcting the sentence, it’s crucial to understand the different types of conditional sentences:

  • Type 0: If + present simple, present simple (General truths) - If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
  • Type 1: If + present simple, will + base form (Likely to happen) - If it rains, I will stay home.
  • Type 2: If + past simple, would + base form (Unlikely to happen) - If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
  • Type 3: If + past perfect, would have + past participle (Impossible, referring to the past) - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

The given sentence implies a real possibility of the person being late, making it a Type 1 conditional. Therefore, clarity and directness are paramount.

Correcting the Sentence

The sentence can be corrected in several ways, all aiming for greater clarity and grammatical precision. Here are a few options:

  • Option 1: If he is late, he will be punished. (Most direct and preferred)
  • Option 2: Should he be late, he will be punished. (More formal, using inversion)
  • Option 3: In the event that he is late, he will be punished. (Replaces the awkward "being" with a clearer clause)

Option 1 is the most straightforward and commonly used. Option 2 is more formal and employs inversion, which is grammatically correct but less frequent in everyday speech. Option 3 maintains the "in the event" phrasing but replaces the gerund with a standard clause.

Explanation of the Correction

The corrected sentences replace the gerund "being" with a finite verb ("is"). This creates a more standard and easily understood conditional clause. The use of "if" directly introduces the condition, making the sentence's meaning unambiguous. The original sentence's construction, while not technically wrong, lacks the elegance and clarity expected in formal writing, particularly in a context like a UPSC examination where precision is valued.

Further Considerations

The sentence also implicitly suggests a rule or policy. In a legal or administrative context, the phrasing "If he is late, he will be punished" might be part of a documented regulation. Understanding the context can further refine the choice of phrasing, but the core grammatical correction remains the same.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the original sentence, while conveying the intended meaning, suffers from a grammatical awkwardness due to the use of the gerund "being" after "of." Correcting it to "If he is late, he will be punished" or one of the other suggested alternatives enhances clarity, adheres to standard English grammar, and demonstrates a strong understanding of conditional sentence construction. This type of grammatical precision is crucial for effective communication and is highly valued in formal writing assessments.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Gerund
A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. For example, "Swimming is my favorite sport."

Key Statistics

Approximately 80% of communication is non-verbal, highlighting the importance of clear and concise language to avoid misinterpretations. (Source: Mehrabian, A. (1967). Communication without words.)

Source: Mehrabian, A. (1967)

Studies show that clear and concise writing increases reader comprehension by up to 40%. (Source: Plain Language Association International, based on various readability studies - knowledge cutoff 2021)

Source: Plain Language Association International (2021)

Examples

Legal Contracts

Conditional clauses are frequently used in legal contracts. For example, "If the goods are not delivered by the agreed date, the buyer is entitled to a refund." This demonstrates the importance of precise conditional phrasing in legally binding documents.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is "his being late" ever grammatically acceptable?

While not strictly incorrect, "his being late" is considered stylistically awkward and less formal. It's generally preferable to use a finite verb ("If he is late") for clarity and conciseness.

Topics Covered

Language SkillsGrammarConditionalsSentence StructureGrammatical Accuracy