UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201410 Marks
Q36.

He finished his exercise and put away his books.

How to Approach

This question tests basic English grammar and sentence structure understanding. The approach should involve identifying the tense used in the sentence, the function of each part of speech, and potential areas for improvement in clarity or style. The answer should demonstrate a clear understanding of grammatical rules and the ability to analyze a simple sentence. Focus on identifying the verbs, subjects, objects, and any modifying phrases.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The English language, as a cornerstone of communication in the Indian administrative system, demands precision and clarity. A seemingly simple sentence like "He finished his exercise and put away his books" can be dissected to reveal underlying grammatical principles. This analysis is crucial for effective written communication, particularly in the context of the UPSC Mains examination where precise articulation of thoughts is paramount. This response will provide a detailed grammatical analysis of the given sentence, highlighting its structure and potential nuances.

Grammatical Analysis of the Sentence

The sentence "He finished his exercise and put away his books" is a compound sentence, meaning it consists of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction ("and"). Let's break down each clause:

Clause 1: "He finished his exercise"

  • Subject: "He" (pronoun)
  • Verb: "finished" (past simple tense, transitive verb)
  • Object: "his exercise" (noun phrase, direct object of the verb "finished")
  • Tense: Past Simple – indicates a completed action in the past.

Clause 2: "put away his books"

  • Subject: "He" (pronoun – implied, as it's the same subject as the first clause)
  • Verb: "put away" (phrasal verb, past simple tense, transitive verb)
  • Object: "his books" (noun phrase, direct object of the phrasal verb "put away")
  • Phrasal Verb: "put away" – meaning to return something to its proper place.
  • Tense: Past Simple – indicates a completed action in the past.

Sentence Structure and Coordination

The coordinating conjunction "and" connects the two clauses, indicating that both actions happened sequentially or simultaneously. The sentence demonstrates a clear and logical flow of events. The use of the past simple tense consistently throughout the sentence maintains a uniform timeframe.

Potential Alternative Phrasing

While grammatically correct, the sentence could be slightly refined for stylistic purposes. For example:

  • "After finishing his exercise, he put away his books." (using a subordinate clause)
  • "He finished his exercise and then put away his books." (adding "then" for emphasis on sequence)

Parts of Speech Summary

Part of Speech Word(s) Function
Pronoun He Subject
Verb (Past Simple) finished, put Action
Possessive Pronoun his Modifier
Noun exercise, books Object
Adverb (part of phrasal verb) away Modifier
Conjunction and Connects clauses

Grammatical Correctness

The sentence is grammatically sound. There are no errors in subject-verb agreement, tense usage, or punctuation. The sentence adheres to standard English sentence structure rules.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the sentence "He finished his exercise and put away his books" is a well-constructed compound sentence demonstrating correct use of past simple tense, proper subject-verb agreement, and effective coordination. While minor stylistic adjustments are possible, the sentence is fundamentally grammatically correct and conveys its meaning clearly. A strong grasp of such basic grammatical principles is essential for effective communication in the UPSC Mains examination and beyond.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Compound Sentence
A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (e.g., and, but, or), a correlative conjunction (e.g., both…and, either…or), or a semicolon.
Transitive Verb
A transitive verb is a verb that takes a direct object – a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. For example, in the sentence "He finished his exercise," "finished" is a transitive verb and "his exercise" is the direct object.

Key Statistics

Approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide speak English as a first or second language (as of 2023).

Source: Statista (2023)

The Oxford English Dictionary contains over 600,000 headwords and definitions (as of knowledge cutoff 2021).

Source: Oxford English Dictionary

Examples

Use of Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs like "put away" are common in everyday English and add nuance to communication. Other examples include "look up," "take off," and "break down."

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a simple sentence and a compound sentence?

A simple sentence contains one independent clause, while a compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses.

Topics Covered

Language SkillsGrammarConjunctionsSentence StructureGrammatical Accuracy