UPSC MainsESSAY2014125 Marks1000 Words
हिंदी में पढ़ें
Q1.

With greater power comes greater responsibility.

How to Approach

This essay question demands a nuanced exploration of the relationship between power and responsibility. The approach should be multi-faceted, examining the concept across individual, organizational, and national levels. We need to define power and responsibility, analyze historical and contemporary examples, and discuss the mechanisms for ensuring accountability. The structure will follow a thematic approach, moving from individual to collective responsibility, and concluding with a call for ethical leadership and robust governance. Focus on illustrating the consequences of both fulfilling and neglecting this principle.

Model Answer

0 min read

Introduction

The adage, “With greater power comes greater responsibility,” attributed to Voltaire, though popularized by Spider-Man, encapsulates a fundamental ethical principle. It suggests an inherent moral obligation that accompanies the possession of authority, influence, or control. In a world increasingly characterized by complex power dynamics – from individual influence on social media to the geopolitical sway of nations – this principle is more relevant than ever. The question isn’t merely about acknowledging this responsibility, but about actively embodying it in all spheres of life, ensuring that power is wielded for the benefit of all, and not for self-serving purposes. This essay will explore the multifaceted nature of this relationship, examining its implications for individuals, institutions, and the state.

Individual Responsibility and the Erosion of Trust

At the individual level, power can manifest as expertise, social capital, or economic influence. Those possessing such power have a responsibility to use it ethically and with consideration for others. The failure to do so erodes trust, leading to cynicism and social fragmentation. For example, influencers on social media wield significant power over their followers. A responsible influencer will disclose sponsored content and avoid promoting harmful products, while an irresponsible one might prioritize profit over the well-being of their audience. The Cambridge Analytica scandal (2018) demonstrated how the irresponsible use of data analytics – a form of power – could manipulate public opinion and undermine democratic processes.

Organizational Responsibility and Corporate Governance

Organizations, whether corporations, NGOs, or government agencies, also hold power. Corporate governance mechanisms, such as independent boards of directors and robust internal controls, are designed to ensure that this power is exercised responsibly. However, history is replete with examples of organizational failures stemming from a lack of accountability. The Satyam scandal (2009), where the company’s chairman confessed to massive accounting fraud, highlighted the dangers of unchecked power within a corporate structure. Similarly, the Volkswagen emissions scandal (2015) demonstrated how a pursuit of profit could override ethical considerations and environmental responsibility. Effective whistle-blower protection policies, like the Whistleblowers Protection Act, 2014, are crucial for holding organizations accountable.

National Power and International Relations

At the national level, power translates into military strength, economic influence, and diplomatic leverage. Nations with significant power have a responsibility to act as responsible stakeholders in the international community. This includes upholding international law, promoting peace and security, and addressing global challenges like climate change and poverty. The concept of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P), endorsed by the UN in 2005, asserts that states have a responsibility to protect their own populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and that the international community has a responsibility to intervene if states fail to do so. However, the application of R2P has been controversial, raising concerns about sovereignty and selective intervention. The US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, despite lacking clear UN authorization, serves as a cautionary tale about the abuse of national power.

The Role of Institutions in Ensuring Accountability

Effective institutions are essential for translating the principle of “greater power, greater responsibility” into practice. These include a free and independent press, a robust judiciary, and a vibrant civil society. The Right to Information Act, 2005, in India, empowers citizens to hold the government accountable by providing access to information. Similarly, an independent Election Commission ensures fair and transparent elections, safeguarding the democratic process. However, institutional independence is often threatened by political interference and corruption. Strengthening these institutions and promoting their independence is crucial for ensuring accountability at all levels.

Challenges to Accountability in the Digital Age

The digital age presents new challenges to accountability. The anonymity afforded by the internet can embolden individuals to engage in irresponsible behavior, such as cyberbullying and the spread of misinformation. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) raises concerns about algorithmic bias and the potential for automated decision-making to perpetuate existing inequalities. Regulating social media platforms and developing ethical guidelines for AI are essential for mitigating these risks. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, is a step towards addressing data privacy concerns, but its effectiveness remains to be seen.

Level of Power Responsibility Consequences of Neglect
Individual Ethical conduct, consideration for others Erosion of trust, social fragmentation
Organizational Corporate governance, transparency, accountability Financial scandals, environmental damage, loss of reputation
National International law, peace and security, global cooperation Conflict, instability, humanitarian crises

Conclusion

The principle that “with greater power comes greater responsibility” is not merely a moral platitude, but a cornerstone of a just and equitable society. Its effective implementation requires a multi-pronged approach, encompassing individual ethics, robust institutional frameworks, and a commitment to international cooperation. In an era of increasing complexity and interconnectedness, the consequences of neglecting this principle are far-reaching. Cultivating a culture of accountability, promoting ethical leadership, and empowering citizens to demand transparency are essential for ensuring that power is wielded for the benefit of all, and not just the few. A future where power and responsibility are truly aligned is not just desirable, but necessary for the sustainable progress of humanity.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Accountability
The obligation to explain, justify, and take responsibility for one's actions or decisions.
Moral Hazard
A situation where one party takes more risks because someone else bears the cost of those risks. This is often seen in contexts where there is a lack of accountability.

Key Statistics

According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index 2023, India ranked 93 out of 180 countries, indicating a significant level of perceived corruption.

Source: Transparency International (2023)

The Global Corruption Barometer – Africa 2022, found that 56% of Africans think that corruption is increasing in their country.

Source: Transparency International (2022)

Examples

The Panama Papers Leak

The 2016 Panama Papers leak exposed a vast network of offshore tax havens used by powerful individuals and corporations to evade taxes, demonstrating a clear abuse of financial power and a lack of responsibility.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it possible to have power without responsibility?

While power can exist without explicitly acknowledged responsibility, it is ultimately unsustainable and often leads to negative consequences. True and lasting power is built on a foundation of trust and accountability.

Topics Covered

EthicsGovernanceSocial IssuesMoral PhilosophyPublic ServiceAccountability