UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20155 Marks
Q19.

The criminal the victim with a blunt object. (attack)

How to Approach

This question is a sentence completion exercise testing grammatical accuracy and understanding of verb tenses, specifically the past tense. The task requires filling the blank with the correct form of the verb "attack" to create a grammatically sound and meaningful sentence. The approach involves identifying the tense required by the context and selecting the appropriate verb form. Focus should be on ensuring subject-verb agreement and logical flow.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Sentence completion exercises are a common feature of competitive examinations, assessing a candidate’s grasp of language fundamentals. These tests evaluate not only vocabulary but also the ability to understand grammatical structures and contextual nuances. The given sentence, “The criminal the victim with a blunt object,” requires the correct past tense form of the verb ‘attack’ to convey a completed action. Accurate verb conjugation is crucial for clear and effective communication, and this exercise tests that ability.

The completed sentence is: “The criminal attacked the victim with a blunt object.”

Justification of the Answer

The sentence describes an action that has already occurred – the criminal inflicting harm on the victim. Therefore, the past tense of the verb "attack" is required. The correct past tense form is "attacked."

Grammatical Analysis

  • Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject is "The criminal" (singular), and the verb "attacked" agrees with it.
  • Tense: The use of "attacked" establishes the action as completed in the past.
  • Prepositional Phrase: "with a blunt object" functions as an adverbial phrase, specifying the instrument used in the attack.

Alternative Verb Forms and Why They Are Incorrect

  • Attack: (Present Tense) – Incorrect as it doesn’t reflect a completed action.
  • Attacking: (Present Participle/Gerund) – Incorrect; would require an auxiliary verb (e.g., "was attacking") to form a continuous tense.
  • Attacks: (Simple Present) – Incorrect; implies a habitual action, not a single past event.

Contextual Relevance

The sentence describes a criminal act. Using the past tense ("attacked") accurately portrays the event as something that has already happened, aligning with the typical narrative structure of reporting crimes.

Importance of Accurate Verb Tenses

Correct verb tense usage is fundamental to clear and concise writing. Misusing verb tenses can lead to ambiguity and misinterpretation. In legal contexts, such as describing a crime, precise language is paramount. The Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, relies heavily on precise definitions and descriptions of actions, making accurate verb usage critical for legal interpretation.

Tense Form of 'Attack' Example Sentence
Present Simple Attack He attacks his opponents relentlessly.
Past Simple Attacked The dog attacked the mailman.
Present Continuous Is/Are Attacking They are attacking the city.
Past Continuous Was/Were Attacking She was attacking the problem with renewed vigor.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct completion of the sentence is “The criminal attacked the victim with a blunt object.” This demonstrates a clear understanding of past tense verb conjugation and its application in constructing grammatically correct and contextually appropriate sentences. Mastering such fundamental language skills is essential for effective communication and success in competitive examinations and professional settings.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Verb Tense
Verb tense indicates the time of an action or state of being. It shows whether the action happened in the past, is happening now, or will happen in the future.
Cognizable Offense
A cognizable offense is one for which a police officer may arrest a person without a warrant, as defined under Section 2(c) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

Key Statistics

According to a 2023 report by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), India recorded 5.5 million cognizable crimes in 2022, highlighting the importance of precise language in legal documentation.

Source: NCRB, Crime in India Report 2022

As per the Indian Law Commission’s 262nd report (2017), approximately 80% of criminal cases in India rely heavily on witness testimonies, emphasizing the need for clear and accurate language.

Source: Law Commission of India, Report No. 262 (2017)

Examples

Misuse of Tense in Legal Testimony

In a hypothetical court case, stating "The witness is seeing the suspect" instead of "The witness saw the suspect" could create doubt about the timing of the observation and potentially impact the verdict.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between simple past and past continuous tense?

Simple past tense describes a completed action in the past (e.g., "He attacked"). Past continuous tense describes an action that was ongoing in the past (e.g., "He was attacking").