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UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201575 Marks
Q2.

Read carefully the passage given below and write your answers to the questions that follow in clear, correct and concise language :

How to Approach

This question requires a careful reading of the provided passage (which is missing in the prompt, so I will assume a general approach to comprehension questions). The answer should demonstrate understanding of the passage's central theme, arguments, and nuances. Structure the answer by first summarizing the passage's main points, then addressing specific questions (if any are provided with the passage – I will assume there are implicit questions requiring detailed understanding). Use clear, concise language and avoid simply paraphrasing the passage; instead, demonstrate analytical thinking. Focus on identifying the author's intent, tone, and any underlying assumptions.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Comprehension passages in the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly in the English Compulsory paper, are designed to assess a candidate’s ability to understand complex texts, analyze arguments, and articulate their understanding in a clear and concise manner. These passages often deal with themes related to Indian polity, economy, society, or international relations. A successful response requires not only accurate recall of information but also the ability to infer meaning, identify the author’s perspective, and critically evaluate the presented arguments. The ability to synthesize information and present it logically is crucial for scoring well in this section.

Understanding the Passage (Assuming a Hypothetical Passage on 'Digital India')

Let's assume the passage discusses the 'Digital India' initiative, its objectives, implementation challenges, and impact on various sectors. A comprehensive answer would address the following aspects:

1. Core Objectives of Digital India

  • Infrastructure Development: The passage likely highlights the focus on creating a robust digital infrastructure, including broadband connectivity, mobile networks, and data centers.
  • Digital Literacy: It probably emphasizes the importance of imparting digital literacy skills to citizens, particularly in rural areas.
  • Digital Delivery of Services: The passage likely discusses the aim of making government services accessible online, promoting e-governance.

2. Implementation Challenges

The passage might identify several challenges hindering the effective implementation of Digital India:

  • Digital Divide: Unequal access to digital infrastructure and skills between urban and rural areas, and across different socio-economic groups.
  • Cybersecurity Concerns: The increasing risk of cyberattacks and data breaches.
  • Lack of Awareness: Limited awareness among citizens about the benefits of digital services.
  • Infrastructure Gaps: Insufficient bandwidth, unreliable power supply, and inadequate digital infrastructure in many parts of the country.

3. Impact on Various Sectors

The passage could explore the impact of Digital India on different sectors:

  • Economy: Promoting digital payments, e-commerce, and entrepreneurship.
  • Education: Facilitating online learning, digital classrooms, and access to educational resources.
  • Healthcare: Enabling telemedicine, electronic health records, and improved healthcare delivery.
  • Governance: Enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency in government operations.

4. Critical Analysis of the Passage's Arguments

A strong answer would go beyond simply summarizing the passage and offer a critical analysis. This could involve:

  • Identifying the Author's Perspective: Is the author optimistic or pessimistic about the success of Digital India? What evidence does the author use to support their claims?
  • Evaluating the Evidence: Are the arguments presented in the passage supported by credible data and evidence?
  • Identifying Underlying Assumptions: What assumptions does the author make about the role of technology in development?

5. Comparison with Similar Initiatives (Illustrative Table)

Initiative Country Key Features Success Factors
Digital Estonia Estonia E-governance, digital ID, online voting Strong political will, robust cybersecurity
Smart Dubai UAE Smart city initiatives, digital services, data analytics Investment in technology, public-private partnerships
Digital India India Digital infrastructure, digital literacy, e-governance Addressing digital divide, cybersecurity measures

Conclusion

In conclusion, a thorough understanding of the 'Digital India' initiative, as presented in the passage, requires recognizing its multifaceted objectives, acknowledging the significant implementation challenges, and evaluating its potential impact across various sectors. A critical analysis of the author’s perspective and the evidence presented is essential for a comprehensive response. The success of Digital India hinges on bridging the digital divide, strengthening cybersecurity, and fostering digital literacy among all citizens, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and digitally empowered India.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

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Additional Resources

Key Definitions

E-governance
The application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to government functions and processes to improve efficiency, transparency, and citizen participation.
Digital Divide
The gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communication technology (ICT) and those that do not have access. This gap can be based on socioeconomic status, geographic location, or other factors.

Key Statistics

As of December 2023, India has over 800 million internet users (Source: TRAI - Telecom Regulatory Authority of India).

Source: TRAI

According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 75th round (2017-18), only 24% of Indian households had internet access.

Source: NSSO

Examples

Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS)

AEPS allows beneficiaries of government schemes to receive direct benefit transfers (DBT) through their Aadhaar-linked bank accounts, promoting financial inclusion and reducing leakages.

Frequently Asked Questions

▶What is the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Digital India?

PPPs are crucial for leveraging private sector expertise and investment in building digital infrastructure and delivering digital services. They help accelerate the implementation of Digital India initiatives.

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