Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The term ‘ascend’ implies a movement upwards, a progression towards a higher state. In the context of India, it signifies the nation’s journey towards becoming a leading global power – economically, technologically, socially, and strategically. Post-independence, India has navigated a complex path marked by challenges of poverty, inequality, and geopolitical constraints. However, in recent decades, particularly since the economic liberalization of 1991, India has demonstrated remarkable progress, positioning itself as a key player in the 21st century. This ascent is not merely about economic growth, but also about achieving inclusive development, fostering innovation, and asserting its rightful place in the international order.
India’s Economic Ascent
India’s economic ascent is arguably the most visible aspect of its progress. From a largely agrarian economy, India has transformed into a service-led economy with a growing manufacturing sector. The liberalization policies of 1991 unleashed entrepreneurial energy and attracted foreign investment. Key milestones include:
- GDP Growth: India has consistently been among the fastest-growing major economies in the world, with an average GDP growth rate of around 7% in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic. (Source: World Bank, as of 2020)
- Rise of the Middle Class: The expanding middle class, estimated to be over 31% of the population in 2022, drives domestic consumption and fuels economic growth. (Source: People Research on India’s Consumer Economy (PRICE) report, 2022)
- Digital Economy: The growth of the digital economy, propelled by initiatives like Digital India, has been phenomenal. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has revolutionized digital transactions.
However, challenges remain, including income inequality, unemployment, and the need for structural reforms in agriculture and labor markets.
Technological Ascent
India’s technological ascent is driven by its large pool of skilled engineers and scientists, coupled with a thriving IT sector. Key areas of progress include:
- Space Program: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved significant milestones, including the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2014 and the Chandrayaan-3 mission in 2023, demonstrating indigenous capabilities in space technology.
- IT and Software: India is a global hub for IT and software services, with companies like TCS, Infosys, and Wipro leading the way.
- Digital Infrastructure: The expansion of digital infrastructure, including broadband connectivity and mobile networks, is crucial for fostering innovation and economic growth.
- AI and Emerging Technologies: India is actively investing in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and other emerging technologies. The National AI Strategy aims to position India as a global leader in AI.
Social Ascent
India’s social ascent is characterized by improvements in human development indicators, although significant disparities persist. Key areas of progress include:
- Education: Increased enrollment rates in primary and secondary education, driven by initiatives like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao.
- Healthcare: Improvements in healthcare access and outcomes, although challenges remain in terms of affordability and quality. The Ayushman Bharat scheme aims to provide health insurance coverage to a large segment of the population.
- Poverty Reduction: Significant reduction in poverty rates, although the COVID-19 pandemic has reversed some of the gains.
- Social Justice: Efforts to promote social justice and inclusion, including affirmative action policies for marginalized communities.
Geopolitical Ascent
India’s geopolitical ascent is reflected in its growing influence in regional and global affairs. Key aspects include:
- Strategic Partnerships: Strengthening strategic partnerships with major powers, including the United States, Russia, Japan, and Australia.
- Regional Leadership: Playing a leading role in regional organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC.
- Multilateralism: Actively participating in multilateral forums like the United Nations, G20, and BRICS.
- Defense Modernization: Investing in defense modernization to enhance its security capabilities.
India’s ‘Neighborhood First’ policy emphasizes strengthening ties with neighboring countries. However, challenges remain in managing relations with Pakistan and China.
| Dimension | Progress | Challenges |
|---|---|---|
| Economic | High GDP growth, rising middle class, digital economy | Income inequality, unemployment, structural reforms |
| Technological | Space program, IT sector, digital infrastructure | Digital divide, cybersecurity threats, R&D investment |
| Social | Improved education & healthcare, poverty reduction | Social disparities, access to quality services |
| Geopolitical | Strategic partnerships, regional leadership | Border disputes, regional instability |
Conclusion
India’s ascent is a multifaceted process, marked by both remarkable achievements and persistent challenges. While economic growth and technological advancements are driving forces, inclusive development and social justice are crucial for ensuring that the benefits of progress reach all sections of society. India’s growing geopolitical influence presents opportunities to shape the global order, but also requires navigating complex regional and international dynamics. Sustaining this ascent requires continued reforms, investments in human capital, and a commitment to good governance. The path forward demands a holistic and sustainable approach, ensuring that India’s rise benefits not only its own citizens but also contributes to a more equitable and prosperous world.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.