UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201575 Marks
Q8.

Make a précis of the following passage in about one-third of its length. Do not give a title to it. The précis should be written in your own language.

How to Approach

This question requires a concise and accurate summary of a given passage, reducing it to approximately one-third of its original length. The key is to identify the central ideas and supporting arguments, omitting minor details and examples. Focus on maintaining the author's tone and intent. The précis should be coherent and grammatically correct, written in your own words, and avoid direct lifting of phrases. A structured approach – reading the passage multiple times, identifying key sentences, and then drafting and refining the précis – is crucial.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the global economic landscape, and India is poised to be significantly impacted. The integration of AI technologies presents both opportunities and challenges for the Indian economy, ranging from increased productivity and innovation to potential job displacement and widening inequality. Recent reports from NITI Aayog highlight AI’s potential to add trillions of dollars to India’s GDP by 2035, but also emphasize the need for proactive policy interventions to mitigate risks and ensure inclusive growth. This précis summarizes a passage exploring these multifaceted impacts of AI on the Indian economy.

The passage argues that AI’s influence on the Indian economy is projected to be substantial, driven by its potential to automate tasks, enhance efficiency, and create new industries. It identifies key sectors likely to be disrupted, including manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and financial services.

Sectoral Impacts

In manufacturing, AI-powered robotics and automation are expected to increase productivity and reduce costs, but also lead to job losses for low-skilled workers. The passage notes the need for reskilling initiatives to prepare the workforce for new roles. Similarly, in agriculture, AI-driven precision farming techniques can optimize resource utilization and improve crop yields, addressing food security concerns. However, access to technology and digital literacy remain significant barriers for smallholder farmers.

Healthcare Transformation

The healthcare sector is anticipated to benefit from AI-powered diagnostics, personalized medicine, and drug discovery. AI can assist doctors in making more accurate diagnoses, improving patient outcomes, and reducing healthcare costs. However, ethical considerations surrounding data privacy and algorithmic bias need careful attention.

Financial Services Revolution

The financial services industry is undergoing a rapid transformation with the adoption of AI-powered fraud detection systems, algorithmic trading, and personalized financial advice. Fintech companies are leveraging AI to offer innovative financial products and services, increasing financial inclusion. The passage cautions against the risks of algorithmic bias and the potential for systemic instability.

Challenges and Policy Recommendations

The passage highlights several challenges hindering the widespread adoption of AI in India. These include a lack of skilled workforce, inadequate data infrastructure, limited access to funding, and regulatory uncertainties. It emphasizes the importance of investing in AI education and research, developing robust data governance frameworks, and fostering a supportive regulatory environment.

  • Data Infrastructure: The passage stresses the need for a national data strategy to ensure data availability, quality, and interoperability.
  • Skill Development: Investing in reskilling and upskilling programs to prepare the workforce for AI-driven jobs is crucial.
  • Ethical Considerations: Establishing ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks to address issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and accountability is essential.
  • Public-Private Partnerships: Encouraging collaboration between government, industry, and academia to accelerate AI innovation and deployment.

The passage concludes that realizing the full potential of AI requires a holistic and proactive approach, involving strategic investments, policy reforms, and a commitment to inclusive growth. Failure to address these challenges could exacerbate existing inequalities and hinder India’s economic progress.

Sector AI Impact Challenges
Manufacturing Increased productivity, automation Job displacement, reskilling needs
Agriculture Precision farming, improved yields Digital literacy, access to technology
Healthcare Improved diagnostics, personalized medicine Data privacy, algorithmic bias
Financial Services Fraud detection, algorithmic trading Algorithmic bias, systemic risk

Conclusion

In essence, the passage underscores AI’s transformative potential for the Indian economy, while simultaneously cautioning against the challenges that must be addressed to ensure equitable and sustainable growth. Strategic investments in data infrastructure, skill development, and ethical frameworks are paramount. A collaborative approach involving government, industry, and academia will be crucial to harness the benefits of AI and mitigate its risks, positioning India as a global leader in the AI revolution.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The capability of a computer system to mimic human cognitive functions such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Precision Farming
An agricultural management concept that uses digital technology to monitor the condition of crops and optimize inputs like water, fertilizer, and pesticides.

Key Statistics

According to a report by McKinsey Global Institute (2018), AI could contribute up to $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030.

Source: McKinsey Global Institute

India’s digital economy is projected to reach $1 trillion by 2025, with AI playing a significant role in driving this growth. (Source: NITI Aayog, 2019 - knowledge cutoff)

Source: NITI Aayog

Examples

IRCTC’s AI-powered chatbot

The Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) utilizes an AI-powered chatbot to handle customer queries, book tickets, and provide travel information, improving customer service efficiency.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is algorithmic bias?

Algorithmic bias refers to systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes, such as privileging one arbitrary group of users over others. This can occur due to biased training data or flawed algorithm design.