UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-IV201510 Marks150 Words
Q9.

How do the virtues of trustworthiness and fortitude get manifested in public service? Explain with examples.

How to Approach

This question requires demonstrating understanding of ethical principles within the context of public service. A good answer will define trustworthiness and fortitude, then illustrate how these virtues are practically applied by public servants. Focus on providing concrete examples – historical or contemporary – to support your explanation. Structure the answer by first defining the virtues, then explaining their manifestation in public service with examples, and finally, highlighting the importance of these virtues for good governance. Avoid abstract philosophical discussions; keep it grounded in the realities of public administration.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Public service, at its core, demands a high degree of ethical conduct. Trustworthiness and fortitude are two cardinal virtues essential for effective and ethical governance. Trustworthiness, encompassing honesty, integrity, and reliability, forms the bedrock of the citizen-state relationship. Fortitude, signifying courage, resilience, and the ability to withstand adversity, is crucial for public servants navigating complex and often challenging situations. In a world increasingly marked by cynicism and corruption, the consistent demonstration of these virtues by public officials is paramount for maintaining public faith and ensuring the effective delivery of services. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2008) emphasized the need for a strong ethical framework in public service, highlighting these very qualities.

Manifestation of Trustworthiness in Public Service

Trustworthiness in public service translates into several key behaviors:

  • Honesty and Transparency: Public servants must be truthful in their dealings and transparent in their decision-making processes. This includes disclosing potential conflicts of interest and providing accurate information to the public. For example, the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, is a legislative manifestation of this principle, empowering citizens to hold public officials accountable.
  • Integrity and Impartiality: Public servants should act with integrity, resisting undue influence and remaining impartial in their judgments. The principle of ‘no personal gain’ should guide their actions.
  • Accountability and Responsibility: Taking ownership of one's actions and being accountable for the outcomes is a crucial aspect of trustworthiness. This includes admitting mistakes and taking corrective measures.
  • Confidentiality: Maintaining the confidentiality of sensitive information entrusted to them is vital.

Manifestation of Fortitude in Public Service

Fortitude, in the context of public service, is not merely physical courage but also moral and intellectual resilience:

  • Standing up to Political Pressure: Public servants often face pressure from political superiors to act in ways that are unethical or illegal. Fortitude requires them to resist such pressure and uphold the law. The case of IAS officer Ashok Khemka (Haryana cadre) who repeatedly exposed land scams despite facing frequent transfers is a prime example.
  • Navigating Bureaucratic Inertia: Overcoming bureaucratic hurdles and resistance to change requires fortitude. Public servants must be persistent and innovative in their efforts to improve governance.
  • Dealing with Public Criticism: Public servants are often subject to public scrutiny and criticism. Fortitude enables them to remain focused on their duties and not be deterred by negativity.
  • Maintaining Ethical Standards in Adversity: Even in challenging circumstances, such as natural disasters or security crises, public servants must adhere to ethical principles.

Examples Illustrating Both Virtues

Example 1: T.N. Seshan and Electoral Reforms (1990s): As the Chief Election Commissioner of India, T.N. Seshan demonstrated both trustworthiness and fortitude. He implemented strict measures to curb electoral malpractices, facing immense political pressure and threats. His unwavering commitment to free and fair elections, despite opposition, restored public trust in the electoral process.

Example 2: Dr. Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister (1991): During the 1991 economic crisis, Dr. Manmohan Singh displayed fortitude in initiating bold economic reforms, despite opposition from various quarters. His trustworthiness and commitment to long-term economic stability were crucial in steering India away from the brink of bankruptcy.

Virtue Manifestation in Public Service Example
Trustworthiness Transparency in decision-making Implementation of RTI Act, 2005
Fortitude Resisting undue political pressure Ashok Khemka’s exposure of land scams
Both Upholding ethical standards during crises Dr. Manmohan Singh’s economic reforms (1991)

Conclusion

Trustworthiness and fortitude are not merely desirable qualities but essential prerequisites for effective and ethical public service. Their consistent demonstration by public officials fosters public trust, strengthens institutions, and promotes good governance. Investing in ethics training, promoting a culture of accountability, and protecting whistleblowers are crucial steps towards cultivating these virtues within the public service. Ultimately, a public service characterized by trustworthiness and fortitude is vital for realizing the full potential of a democratic and just society.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Integrity
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.
Accountability
The obligation to answer for one's actions and to accept responsibility for their consequences.

Key Statistics

According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index 2023, India ranked 93 out of 180 countries, indicating a moderate level of perceived corruption.

Source: Transparency International (2023)

As per the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data (2022), there were 58,089 cases of crimes against public servants registered in India.

Source: NCRB (2022)

Examples

Arun Jaitley’s Demonetization (2016)

While controversial, Arun Jaitley, as Finance Minister, demonstrated fortitude in implementing demonetization, a bold move aimed at curbing black money, despite facing significant logistical challenges and public criticism.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can ethical dilemmas be addressed in public service?

Ethical dilemmas can be addressed through a structured approach involving identifying the conflicting values, considering the potential consequences of each course of action, consulting with colleagues or mentors, and making a decision based on established ethical principles and legal frameworks.

Topics Covered

EthicsGovernancePublic AdministrationIntegrityAccountabilityLeadership