UPSC Mains ZOOLOGY-PAPER-II 2015

List and illustrate the components of biological membranes in terms of their arrangement, role in the maintenance of feudicity, permeability and signal reception and translation.

Arrange the sequential enzymatic participations in DNA replication. Describe their specific role in each step.

Define operon. Give the similarities and differences between tryptophan and arabinose operon, with a focus on attenuation.

What is mutagenesis ? Explain with diagrams how mutagens cause genetic changes.

Narrate with suitable examples the use of ribozymes in health care and agriculture.

What are Rb and P53 proteins ? How do they regulate the cell cycle ? How do they protect the cell from carcinogenesis?

Illustrate the different theories regarding the origin of life with special reference to protein evolution.

Define the characters of DNA vectors. Explain with diagrams how these vectors function in a variety of situations.

Isolation is the key factor in evolution." Justify the statement giving suitable examples from geographical and reproductive isolation.

Give the characteristic features of ancestors of elephants and give progressive evolutions that have occurred during various geological times resulting in the emergence of the modern day elephant.

Define mimicry. How does it occur? How has mimicry evolved in the animal kingdom? Give examples.

Indicate the type of Gametes that will be formed and character represented by their Offsprings. Also indicate whether the parents are carriers or free from disorder.

Find out : Percentage of carriers.

Find out : Percentage of haemophilic sons and daughters.

Find out : Percentage of normal offsprings.

Why does haemophilia occur? Give the symptoms of haemophilia. How is haemophilia genetically inherited?

What are giant chromosomes ? Name them. State their locations and illustrate their structures. How do they function?

What is ICZN? Explain the principle, scope and limitations in the present day scenario of nomenclature.

Describe with suitable diagrams the role of G-protein in the synthesis of C-AMP. Demonstrate how C-AMP activate protein kinase.

What are vitamins and co-enzymes ? Describe fat soluble vitamins with examples.

Name the parts.

Name the inner ossicles.

Name the parts of cochlea.

What is the organ of corti?

What are the steps by which sound waves at the ear drum cause impulse generation in the cells of organ of corti?

Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their functions.

Differentiate between Innate and Adaptive immunity. Justify your answer with suitable examples.

Explain with diagrams the molecular mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles. Discuss the role of ions and bioenergetics in muscle contraction. Attribute the cause(s) for muscle cramps.

What is metamorphosis ? Differentiate between retrogressive and progressive metamorphosis, with figures and examples. How are they regulated?

Define hormones. Distinguish between Steroid and Peptide hormones. Give the name of the hormones and its mechanism of action that uses Ca+2 and/or Calcitonin as second messenger.

What are caspase enzymes ? Narrate their crucial role in cell death.

Differentiate between totipotent and multipotent cells with suitable examples. Explain the use of stem cells in human diseases.

What is an active site? How does enzyme catalysis take place in an active site? Explain with suitable examples.