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UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20161 Marks10 Words
Q13.

He is the fastest runner and he came last.

How to Approach

This question tests comprehension and the ability to identify implicit meaning. It's a riddle-like statement requiring the candidate to understand that 'fastest' is relative and context-dependent. The answer should focus on explaining scenarios where someone can be the fastest in a specific category but still lose a race. The response should be concise and directly address the paradox. A simple, clear explanation is key, given the word limit.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The statement "He is the fastest runner and he came last" presents an apparent contradiction. It highlights the importance of understanding that speed is not the sole determinant of success in a race. While an individual might possess the highest top speed, other factors such as endurance, strategy, obstacles, or the nature of the race itself can lead to a paradoxical outcome where the fastest runner finishes last. This requires a nuanced understanding of the context surrounding the race.

The paradox arises from a misunderstanding of the term "fastest." It doesn't necessarily mean the winner of the race.

Possible Scenarios

  • Different Distances: He might be the fastest sprinter (100m) but compete in a marathon, where endurance is crucial.
  • Obstacle Race: He could be the fastest runner on a flat surface, but an obstacle course might hinder his speed.
  • False Start/Disqualification: He may have the fastest reaction time and initial speed, but a false start or disqualification would result in finishing last.
  • Handicap Race: In a handicap race, faster runners start behind, giving slower runners a head start. He might be the fastest, but start too far back.
  • Team Race/Relay: He might be the fastest individual runner, but his team could perform poorly overall.
  • Injury: He could sustain an injury during the race, slowing him down and causing him to finish last.

Illustrative Example

Consider a race where runners are given varying weights to carry. The fastest runner without any weight might struggle with a heavy load, allowing a slower runner with less weight to win. This demonstrates that speed is relative to the conditions.

The Role of Context

The statement emphasizes that context is vital. "Fastest" is a comparative term. Without knowing *what* he is the fastest at, or *compared to whom*, the statement is open to interpretation. The race itself provides the context that reveals the paradox.

Conclusion

The statement, though seemingly contradictory, is logically possible when considering the multifaceted nature of races and the relativity of speed. It underscores the importance of understanding context and recognizing that being the 'fastest' in one aspect doesn't guarantee overall victory. The paradox serves as a reminder that success depends on a combination of factors, not just raw speed.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

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Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Relative Speed
Speed measured in relation to another object or a specific frame of reference. It highlights that speed is not absolute.

Key Statistics

According to a study by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), muscle fiber type composition significantly impacts sprint vs. endurance performance. (Data as of 2023)

Source: NCBI

Elite marathon runners typically have a VO2 max (maximum oxygen uptake) of 70-80 ml/kg/min, while elite sprinters have a VO2 max of 50-60 ml/kg/min. (Data as of 2022)

Source: Journal of Sports Sciences

Examples

Usain Bolt and Marathon Running

Usain Bolt, the world record holder in the 100m and 200m sprints, would likely not be competitive in a marathon due to the vastly different physiological demands of the two events.

Frequently Asked Questions

▶Does this mean the statement is always false?

No, the statement is not inherently false. It's a conditional statement that can be true depending on the specific circumstances of the race and the definition of "fastest."

Topics Covered

Language SkillsGeneral StudiesGrammarContradictionSentence Structure
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