UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-IV201610 Marks150 Words
Q14.

How can such undesirable attitudes be changed and socio-ethical values considered necessary in public services be cultivated in the aspiring and serving civil servants ?

How to Approach

This question requires a multi-faceted answer focusing on attitude change and ethical cultivation within the civil service. The approach should involve identifying the undesirable attitudes, exploring methods for their transformation (training, mentorship, institutional mechanisms), and detailing how socio-ethical values can be instilled in both aspiring and serving civil servants. Structure the answer by first defining the problem, then outlining strategies for attitude change, followed by methods for cultivating ethical values, and finally, suggesting institutional reforms. Use examples to illustrate points.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The Indian civil service, envisioned as a steel frame, is increasingly facing scrutiny regarding the attitudes and ethical standards of its members. Instances of corruption, apathy, and a decline in public service motivation highlight the presence of undesirable attitudes. These attitudes, often rooted in societal influences and systemic issues, impede effective governance and erode public trust. Cultivating socio-ethical values – integrity, empathy, accountability, and transparency – is crucial for ensuring a responsive and citizen-centric administration. This requires a holistic approach encompassing recruitment, training, and continuous professional development, alongside robust institutional mechanisms for ethical oversight.

Understanding Undesirable Attitudes

Undesirable attitudes in civil servants manifest in various forms, including:

  • Corruption: Driven by greed and a lack of accountability.
  • Apathy & Indifference: Resulting in delayed decisions and poor service delivery.
  • Arrogance & Superiority Complex: Leading to a disconnect with the public.
  • Political Bias: Compromising impartiality and objectivity.
  • Lack of Empathy: Failing to understand the needs and concerns of citizens.

These attitudes are often shaped by factors like societal norms, political interference, and a flawed incentive structure.

Strategies for Attitude Change

1. Enhanced Training & Capacity Building

Traditional training programs need to be revamped to focus on:

  • Ethical Dilemma Training: Using case studies and simulations to develop ethical reasoning skills. (Based on 2nd ARC report on Ethical Governance)
  • Emotional Intelligence Training: Enhancing empathy, self-awareness, and interpersonal skills.
  • Behavioral Economics: Understanding cognitive biases and their impact on decision-making.
  • Citizen-Centric Governance: Imparting skills for effective public engagement and service delivery.

2. Mentorship Programs

Pairing young civil servants with experienced and ethically grounded mentors can provide guidance, support, and role modeling. The National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) can play a key role in facilitating such programs.

3. Psychological Interventions

Employing techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness training can help civil servants address negative thought patterns and develop a more positive outlook.

4. Rotation & Transfers

Regular rotation and transfers can prevent the development of vested interests and promote a broader understanding of governance challenges.

Cultivating Socio-Ethical Values

1. Strengthening Recruitment Processes

The UPSC Civil Services Examination should continue to emphasize ethical aptitude through the CSAT paper and the interview process. The interview should assess not just knowledge but also integrity, empathy, and emotional intelligence.

2. Code of Conduct & Ethics

A robust Code of Conduct for civil servants, clearly outlining ethical standards and expectations, is essential. This should be regularly updated and enforced. The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, need periodic review.

3. Institutional Mechanisms for Ethical Oversight

  • Lokpal & Lokayuktas: Strengthening these institutions to investigate allegations of corruption and misconduct.
  • Central Vigilance Commission (CVC): Enhancing its role in preventive vigilance and promoting integrity.
  • Internal Complaint Committees: Establishing effective mechanisms within government departments to address ethical concerns.

4. Promoting a Culture of Accountability

Implementing performance-based appraisals that reward ethical conduct and penalize misconduct. Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability.

5. Leading by Example

Senior civil servants must demonstrate ethical leadership and serve as role models for their subordinates. This includes upholding the highest standards of integrity and transparency in their own conduct.

Leveraging Technology

Technology can be used to promote ethical governance through:

  • E-Governance Platforms: Reducing opportunities for corruption and improving service delivery.
  • Data Analytics: Identifying patterns of unethical behavior and preventing fraud.
  • Social Media Monitoring: Tracking public sentiment and addressing grievances promptly.

Conclusion

Changing undesirable attitudes and cultivating socio-ethical values in the civil service is a continuous process requiring sustained effort and commitment. A holistic approach encompassing recruitment, training, institutional mechanisms, and ethical leadership is essential. Investing in the ethical development of civil servants is not merely a matter of good governance but a fundamental requirement for building a just and equitable society. The success of ‘New India’ hinges on a civil service that is not only competent but also deeply committed to ethical principles and public service.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Emotional Intelligence
The ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as recognize and influence the emotions of others.
Conflict of Interest
A situation in which a public official's personal interests could compromise their ability to act impartially and in the public interest.

Key Statistics

According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), the number of cases registered under the Prevention of Corruption Act increased by 28% between 2015 and 2019.

Source: NCRB Report, 2019 (Knowledge Cutoff: Jan 2024)

The Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2023 ranked India 93rd out of 180 countries, indicating a persistent challenge with corruption.

Source: Transparency International, 2023 (Knowledge Cutoff: Jan 2024)

Examples

IAS Officer Armstrong Pame

Armstrong Pame, an IAS officer from Manipur, gained recognition for his innovative approach to rural development, building a 100 km road connecting remote villages. His dedication and commitment to public service exemplify ethical leadership.

Frequently Asked Questions

What role does political interference play in fostering undesirable attitudes?

Political interference can undermine the impartiality and objectivity of civil servants, leading to corruption, apathy, and a lack of accountability. When civil servants are pressured to act against their ethical principles, it can erode their trust in the system and foster cynicism.