Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Resource utilization in India, historically constrained by traditional methods, is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by technological advancements. From the Green Revolution’s initial impact to the current wave of precision farming and digital resource management, technology has fundamentally altered how India accesses, processes, and consumes its natural resources. The increasing adoption of technologies like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents both opportunities for enhanced efficiency and challenges related to equity and environmental sustainability. This essay will evaluate the multifaceted impact of technology on resource utilization in India, examining its benefits, drawbacks, and future implications.
Impact on Land Resources
Technology has revolutionized land resource management. Precision agriculture, utilizing GPS, sensors, and drones, optimizes irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application, increasing yields while minimizing waste. The National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP), launched in 2008, aims to digitize land records, reducing land disputes and improving transparency. However, the digital divide limits access to these technologies for small and marginal farmers.
Impact on Water Resources
Water resource management benefits from technologies like remote sensing for groundwater mapping and monitoring. Micro-irrigation techniques (drip and sprinkler) promoted under schemes like Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), enhance water use efficiency. Real-time data analytics and IoT-based sensors help monitor water levels in reservoirs and canals, enabling better water allocation. However, the energy intensity of water pumping and the e-waste generated from sensors pose environmental concerns.
Impact on Mineral Resources
Technology plays a crucial role in mineral exploration, extraction, and processing. Geophysical surveys and remote sensing identify potential mineral deposits. Automation and robotics improve efficiency and safety in mining operations. However, the environmental impact of mining, including deforestation and water pollution, remains a significant challenge. The use of AI in predictive maintenance can reduce downtime and optimize resource use in mineral processing plants.
Impact on Forest Resources
Remote sensing and GIS are vital for forest monitoring, deforestation detection, and biodiversity assessment. The Forest Survey of India (FSI) utilizes these technologies for regular forest cover assessments. Digital platforms facilitate the tracking of timber and non-timber forest products, combating illegal logging. However, the reliance on satellite imagery can be affected by cloud cover, and ground truthing is essential for accurate assessment.
Impact on Energy Resources
Technology is central to the development and deployment of renewable energy sources. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, wind turbines, and biomass conversion technologies are becoming increasingly efficient and cost-effective. Smart grids, utilizing IoT and data analytics, optimize energy distribution and reduce transmission losses. The National Smart Grid Mission aims to modernize the power grid and integrate renewable energy sources. However, the intermittency of renewable energy sources and the need for energy storage solutions remain challenges.
Digital Platforms and Resource Trading
Digital platforms like e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) facilitate the online trading of agricultural commodities, improving market access for farmers and reducing transaction costs. Similarly, online platforms are emerging for trading in water rights and carbon credits, promoting efficient resource allocation. However, ensuring equitable access to these platforms and addressing concerns about data privacy are crucial.
| Resource | Technology | Positive Impact | Negative Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Land | Precision Agriculture, NLRMP | Increased Yields, Reduced Disputes | Digital Divide, Data Security |
| Water | Micro-irrigation, Remote Sensing | Improved Water Use Efficiency, Better Monitoring | Energy Intensity, E-waste |
| Energy | Renewable Energy, Smart Grids | Reduced Carbon Emissions, Optimized Distribution | Intermittency, Storage Challenges |
Conclusion
Technology has undeniably transformed resource utilization in India, offering significant opportunities for enhanced efficiency, sustainability, and economic growth. However, realizing the full potential of these technologies requires addressing challenges related to the digital divide, environmental impacts, and equitable access. A holistic approach that integrates technological innovation with appropriate policies, capacity building, and environmental safeguards is essential for ensuring sustainable resource management and achieving inclusive development in India. Future efforts should focus on promoting indigenous technology development and fostering a circular economy to minimize resource depletion and waste generation.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.