UPSC MainsPHILOSOPHY-PAPER-II201615 Marks
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Q12.

“To me the female sex is not the weaker sex. It is the nobler of the two.” Evaluate this statement of Gandhi.

How to Approach

This question requires a nuanced understanding of Gandhi’s philosophy, particularly his views on gender roles and societal strength. The answer should move beyond a superficial agreement or disagreement and delve into the reasoning behind his statement. It needs to explore Gandhi’s concept of ‘strength’ – whether it’s physical, moral, or spiritual – and how he perceived women embodying these qualities. The structure should involve defining Gandhi’s understanding of strength, analyzing his views on women’s roles in society and the independence movement, and finally, evaluating the statement in the context of contemporary challenges.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Mahatma Gandhi, a pivotal figure in India’s struggle for independence, held unconventional views on many social issues, including gender. His assertion, “To me the female sex is not the weaker sex. It is the nobler of the two,” challenges traditional patriarchal notions prevalent in Indian society and globally. This statement wasn’t merely a rhetorical flourish but stemmed from his deep-rooted belief in the inherent power of *Satyagraha* (truth force) and *Ahimsa* (non-violence), qualities he associated strongly with womanhood. Evaluating this statement necessitates understanding Gandhi’s philosophical framework and its implications for social reform, particularly in the context of India’s socio-political landscape.

Gandhi’s Conception of Strength

Gandhi’s understanding of strength differed significantly from conventional notions of physical prowess or dominance. He believed true strength lay in moral courage, self-suffering, and the capacity for non-violent resistance. This ‘strength’ was not about overpowering others but about transforming oneself and the opponent through love and truth. He saw this inherent capacity for suffering and selfless service as being more naturally present in women.

Women’s Role in Gandhi’s Philosophy and the Independence Movement

Gandhi consistently advocated for women’s empowerment and participation in all spheres of life. He believed that the progress of a nation could not be complete without the active involvement of women. He challenged traditional restrictions imposed on women, encouraging them to participate in the freedom struggle.

  • Early Advocacy: As early as 1917, Gandhi urged women to participate in the Champaran Satyagraha, marking a turning point in their involvement in political activism.
  • Salt Satyagraha (1930): Women played a crucial role in the Salt Satyagraha, defying British laws and facing imprisonment alongside men.
  • Quit India Movement (1942): Women actively participated in the Quit India Movement, demonstrating their courage and commitment to the cause of independence.

Gandhi believed women possessed a unique ability to practice *Ahimsa* due to their nurturing nature and inherent compassion. He saw them as natural peacemakers and believed their participation would infuse the movement with a moral force that would be difficult to suppress.

Evaluating the Statement: ‘The Nobler Sex’

Gandhi’s use of the term ‘nobler’ is open to interpretation. It wasn’t intended to imply superiority in a hierarchical sense but rather to highlight the unique qualities he believed women possessed. He saw women as embodying qualities like patience, resilience, and a natural inclination towards peace. He believed these qualities were essential for building a just and equitable society.

However, the statement can be critiqued from a modern feminist perspective. The notion of associating specific qualities with an entire gender can be seen as essentializing and reinforcing gender stereotypes. Furthermore, attributing ‘nobility’ based on perceived inherent traits risks overlooking the social conditioning and systemic disadvantages faced by women.

Contemporary Relevance and Challenges

Despite the criticisms, Gandhi’s statement remains relevant in addressing contemporary challenges related to gender inequality. India continues to grapple with issues like gender-based violence, discrimination in education and employment, and underrepresentation in political leadership. The statement serves as a reminder of the potential of women to contribute to societal progress and the need to create an environment where they can fully realize their potential.

Indicator Data (as of 2022-23) Source
Female Labour Force Participation Rate 32.5% National Statistical Office (NSO), Periodic Labour Force Survey
Sex Ratio at Birth (per 1000 males) 952 Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin, Registrar General of India

The persistence of these challenges underscores the need to move beyond mere rhetoric and implement concrete measures to empower women and dismantle patriarchal structures.

Conclusion

Gandhi’s statement, “To me the female sex is not the weaker sex. It is the nobler of the two,” was a radical assertion for its time, rooted in his unique understanding of strength as moral courage and non-violent resistance. While the language may be debated through a modern lens, the underlying message – recognizing the inherent potential and value of women – remains profoundly relevant. Achieving true gender equality requires not only acknowledging this potential but also actively dismantling the systemic barriers that prevent women from fully participating in and shaping society. It necessitates a continuous re-evaluation of societal norms and a commitment to creating a more just and equitable future for all.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Satyagraha
A philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasizing truth and non-cooperation as means of achieving social and political change.
Ahimsa
A core principle of Indian religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) meaning non-violence, non-injury, and respect for all living beings. Gandhi adopted it as a central tenet of his philosophy and political strategy.

Key Statistics

According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2023, India ranked 134 out of 146 countries.

Source: World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Report 2023

As of 2021, women constitute approximately 42.7% of the Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha).

Source: Parliament of India website (knowledge cutoff 2023)

Examples

Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu, known as the ‘Nightingale of India’, was a prominent poet and a key figure in the Indian National Congress. She actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement, demonstrating her unwavering commitment to the cause of independence.

Frequently Asked Questions

Was Gandhi’s view on women universally accepted during his time?

No, Gandhi’s views were considered radical and faced resistance from many sections of Indian society, particularly those adhering to traditional patriarchal norms. Many questioned his advocacy for women’s participation in public life and challenged his views on gender roles.

Topics Covered

Social IssuesIndian PhilosophyGender EqualityWomen EmpowermentGandhiFeminism