UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201775 Marks
Q2.

Read carefully the passage given below and write your answers to the questions that follow in clear, correct and concise language :

How to Approach

This question requires a careful reading of the (missing) passage and a concise, clear, and correct response to the questions that follow. The approach involves identifying the central themes and arguments of the passage, and then answering the questions directly, using evidence from the text to support your answers. Focus on demonstrating comprehension, analytical skills, and writing proficiency. Structure your answers logically, using paragraphs and appropriate language. Since the passage is missing, I will create a hypothetical passage and answer questions based on it.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Effective communication is the cornerstone of good governance and societal progress. The ability to comprehend complex information and articulate responses clearly and concisely is paramount, particularly in the context of civil services. This skill is rigorously tested in the English Compulsory paper of the UPSC Mains examination. Assuming the provided passage discusses the challenges and opportunities presented by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Indian context, this response will address potential questions arising from such a passage, demonstrating the required analytical and writing skills. The rapid advancement of AI necessitates a nuanced understanding of its implications for India’s economy, society, and security.

Understanding the Hypothetical Passage & Answering Potential Questions

Let's assume the passage detailed the current state of AI adoption in India, its potential benefits (economic growth, improved healthcare, enhanced education), and associated challenges (job displacement, ethical concerns, data privacy, algorithmic bias). It also highlighted the need for a robust regulatory framework and skill development initiatives.

Question 1: Summarize the main arguments presented in the passage regarding the impact of AI on the Indian economy.

The passage argues that AI presents a significant opportunity for economic growth in India. It highlights AI’s potential to automate processes, increase productivity, and create new industries. Specifically, the passage mentions the potential for AI to revolutionize sectors like manufacturing, agriculture, and services. However, it also cautions that widespread AI adoption could lead to job displacement, particularly in routine-based occupations. The passage emphasizes the need for proactive measures, such as reskilling and upskilling programs, to mitigate the negative impacts and ensure inclusive growth. The passage suggests that India can leverage its demographic dividend and IT prowess to become a global AI hub, but this requires strategic investments in research and development, infrastructure, and talent.

Question 2: Discuss the ethical concerns surrounding the use of AI, as outlined in the passage.

The passage identifies several ethical concerns related to AI. A primary concern is algorithmic bias, where AI systems perpetuate and amplify existing societal biases due to biased training data. This can lead to discriminatory outcomes in areas like loan applications, hiring processes, and even criminal justice. The passage also raises concerns about data privacy, as AI systems often require vast amounts of personal data to function effectively. The potential for misuse of this data, including surveillance and manipulation, is highlighted. Furthermore, the passage discusses the ethical implications of autonomous weapons systems and the lack of accountability when AI systems make errors or cause harm. The passage advocates for the development of ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks to address these concerns and ensure responsible AI development and deployment.

Question 3: What policy recommendations does the passage make to promote responsible AI adoption in India?

The passage proposes several policy recommendations. Firstly, it calls for the establishment of a national AI strategy that outlines a clear vision and roadmap for AI development and deployment. Secondly, it emphasizes the need for investments in AI research and development, particularly in areas relevant to India’s specific needs and challenges. Thirdly, the passage recommends the development of a robust regulatory framework that addresses ethical concerns, data privacy, and algorithmic bias. This framework should be flexible enough to adapt to the rapidly evolving AI landscape. Fourthly, the passage stresses the importance of skill development initiatives to prepare the workforce for the changing job market. This includes reskilling programs for workers displaced by AI and education programs to train the next generation of AI professionals. Finally, the passage suggests fostering public-private partnerships to accelerate AI innovation and adoption.

AI Adoption in India: A Comparative Overview

Sector Current AI Adoption Level Potential Benefits Challenges
Healthcare Moderate (Diagnostics, Drug Discovery) Improved accuracy, Personalized medicine, Reduced costs Data privacy, Lack of skilled professionals, Regulatory hurdles
Agriculture Low (Precision Farming, Crop Monitoring) Increased yields, Reduced waste, Optimized resource utilization Limited access to technology, Data availability, Farmer awareness
Finance High (Fraud Detection, Risk Management) Enhanced security, Improved efficiency, Personalized services Algorithmic bias, Data security, Regulatory compliance
Manufacturing Moderate (Automation, Quality Control) Increased productivity, Reduced costs, Improved quality Job displacement, Infrastructure limitations, Skill gap

Conclusion

In conclusion, the hypothetical passage underscores the transformative potential of AI for India, while simultaneously highlighting the critical need for a proactive and responsible approach to its adoption. Addressing ethical concerns, investing in skill development, and establishing a robust regulatory framework are essential to harness the benefits of AI and mitigate its risks. India’s success in the AI era will depend on its ability to navigate these challenges effectively and leverage its unique strengths to become a global leader in AI innovation and application. A balanced approach, prioritizing both economic growth and societal well-being, is crucial for ensuring that AI serves as a catalyst for inclusive and sustainable development.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Algorithmic Bias
Systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes, such as privileging one arbitrary group of users over others.
Data Privacy
The right of individuals to control how their personal information is collected, used, and shared.

Key Statistics

India is projected to become the 6th largest economy in the world by 2028, with AI contributing significantly to this growth.

Source: World Economic Forum (as of knowledge cutoff 2023)

The Indian AI market is expected to reach $7.7 billion by 2025.

Source: NASSCOM (as of knowledge cutoff 2023)

Examples

AI in Healthcare - Arogya Setu

The Arogya Setu app, developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilized AI and location data to track and trace potential contacts of infected individuals, demonstrating AI's application in public health.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of the government in regulating AI?

The government plays a crucial role in establishing ethical guidelines, data privacy regulations, and standards for AI development and deployment to ensure responsible innovation and protect citizens' rights.