UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20175 Marks
Q24.

Use the correct forms of the verbs in brackets : (i) Bread and butter his usual breakfast. (be)

How to Approach

This question tests basic grammatical understanding – subject-verb agreement. The core principle is to identify the subject and ensure the verb form aligns with it in number (singular/plural). The challenge lies in recognizing compound subjects (like "bread and butter") and treating them as a single unit. The answer requires a simple, direct correction demonstrating this understanding. No elaborate explanation is needed, just the correct sentence.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Grammatical accuracy is fundamental to effective communication, particularly in formal writing like that required for the UPSC examination. Correct verb usage is a cornerstone of this accuracy. This question assesses a candidate’s ability to apply the basic rules of subject-verb agreement, a skill essential for clear and concise expression. The question focuses on a common error – misusing the verb 'to be' with a compound subject.

The correct sentence is:

Bread and butter is his usual breakfast.

Explanation

The phrase "bread and butter" functions as a single unit representing a common food item. Therefore, it takes a singular verb. While 'bread' and 'butter' are individually plural, when combined in this idiomatic expression, they denote a single concept. This is similar to phrases like 'fish and chips' or 'salt and pepper' which also take singular verbs.

Subject-Verb Agreement Rules

  • Singular Subject: Requires a singular verb (e.g., He is, She has).
  • Plural Subject: Requires a plural verb (e.g., They are, We have).
  • Compound Subjects joined by 'and': Generally take a plural verb, unless they refer to a single entity or concept.
  • Subjects joined by 'or' or 'nor': The verb agrees with the subject closest to it.

Examples of Correct Usage

  • The cat is sleeping. (Singular)
  • The cats are sleeping. (Plural)
  • John and Mary are going to the party. (Plural)
  • Peanut butter and jelly is my favorite sandwich. (Single entity)

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct application of subject-verb agreement is crucial for grammatical precision. Recognizing compound subjects as single units when they represent a unified concept, as in the case of "bread and butter," is key to avoiding common errors. Mastering these fundamental rules enhances clarity and credibility in written communication, a vital skill for UPSC aspirants.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Subject-Verb Agreement
The correspondence in number (singular or plural) between a subject and its verb. The verb must agree with its subject in person and number.
Idiomatic Expression
A phrase or expression whose meaning cannot be understood from the literal meanings of its individual words. "Bread and butter" is an example of an idiomatic expression.

Key Statistics

Studies show that grammatical errors, including subject-verb disagreement, can negatively impact a reader's perception of a writer's intelligence and credibility. A 2018 study by Grammarly found that 68% of respondents admitted to judging someone based on their grammar.

Source: Grammarly Blog (2018)

According to a 2022 report by Cambridge Assessment English, poor grammar skills cost businesses in the UK an estimated £3.5 billion annually due to misunderstandings and errors.

Source: Cambridge Assessment English (2022)

Examples

The Team and the Captain

Consider the sentence: "The team and the captain are excited about the victory." Here, 'team' is a collective noun, but the addition of 'and the captain' makes the subject plural, requiring the plural verb 'are'. However, if the sentence was "The team and its captain is celebrating," 'team and its captain' would be considered a single unit, requiring 'is'.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if the subject is a collective noun like 'family' or 'committee'?

Collective nouns can be tricky. If the collective noun is acting as a single unit, use a singular verb (e.g., "The family is happy"). If the members of the collective noun are acting individually, use a plural verb (e.g., "The family are arguing about the vacation").