UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20175 Marks
Q27.

Use the correct forms of the verbs in brackets : (iv) Floods if it continues to rain. (occur)

How to Approach

This question tests basic English grammar, specifically the correct usage of conditional sentences. The key is to identify the correct tense to use in the 'if' clause and the main clause to express a future possibility. The answer requires forming a grammatically correct sentence using the provided verb 'occur'. A concise and accurate response demonstrating understanding of conditional sentence structure is expected.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Conditional sentences are fundamental to English grammar, allowing us to express hypothetical situations and their potential consequences. These sentences typically involve an 'if' clause (the condition) and a main clause (the result). Correct tense usage is crucial for conveying the intended meaning. The question specifically asks for the correct form of the verb 'occur' within a conditional sentence structure, testing the candidate’s grasp of basic grammatical rules.

The correct sentence is: Floods will occur if it continues to rain.

Explanation of Grammatical Structure

This sentence utilizes the first conditional, which is used to express a real possibility in the future. The structure of the first conditional is:

  • If + Present Simple, will + base form of the verb

In this case:

  • 'If it continues to rain' is the 'if' clause, using the present continuous tense to describe an ongoing action.
  • 'Floods will occur' is the main clause, using 'will' + the base form of the verb 'occur' to express the future result.

Why other options are incorrect:

  • "Floods occur if it continues to rain" - This uses the present simple in both clauses, suggesting a habitual action rather than a future possibility.
  • "Floods occurred if it continues to rain" - This uses the past simple, implying the floods already happened.
  • "Floods would occur if it continued to rain" - This is the second conditional, used for unreal or improbable situations.

Conditional Sentence Types

Understanding the different types of conditional sentences is important for accurate grammar:

Type Structure Use
Zero Conditional If + Present Simple, Present Simple General truths, facts
First Conditional If + Present Simple, will + base form Real possibilities in the future
Second Conditional If + Past Simple, would + base form Unreal or improbable situations
Third Conditional If + Past Perfect, would have + past participle Imaginary situations in the past

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct answer is "Floods will occur if it continues to rain," demonstrating a proper understanding of the first conditional structure in English grammar. Accurate tense usage is vital for conveying future possibilities and hypothetical scenarios. Mastering conditional sentences is essential for clear and effective communication.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Conditional Sentence
A conditional sentence expresses that one thing depends on another. It typically contains an 'if' clause and a main clause.
Present Continuous Tense
The present continuous tense describes actions happening now or around now, and can also be used to describe future arrangements.

Key Statistics

Approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide are affected by floods annually (Source: World Bank, 2023 - knowledge cutoff).

Source: World Bank (2023)

India is among the top 5 most flood-prone countries in the world (Source: National Disaster Management Authority, 2022 - knowledge cutoff).

Source: NDMA (2022)

Examples

Bangladesh Floods

Bangladesh is highly susceptible to flooding due to its low-lying geography and heavy monsoon rains. Flooding frequently displaces millions and causes significant economic damage. This exemplifies a real-world scenario where the conditional "If it rains heavily, floods will occur" is frequently realized.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between 'will' and 'would' in conditional sentences?

'Will' is used in the first conditional to express a real possibility in the future. 'Would' is used in the second conditional to express an unreal or improbable situation.