UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201710 Marks
Q43.

Rewrite each of the following sentences as directed without changing the meaning : (x) Gold is the costliest metal. (Use comparative degree)

How to Approach

This question tests the candidate's understanding of degrees of comparison in English grammar. The approach should be straightforward: identify the positive degree ("costliest"), and transform it into a comparative degree while maintaining the original meaning. The key is to use the correct comparative structure ("more costly"). A concise and accurate answer is expected, demonstrating grammatical proficiency.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The English language employs three degrees of comparison for adjectives: positive, comparative, and superlative. These degrees are used to express the relative intensity of a quality. The positive degree describes a quality without comparison (e.g., 'costly'), the comparative degree compares two things (e.g., 'more costly'), and the superlative degree compares three or more things (e.g., 'costliest'). This question requires the conversion of a sentence from the superlative to the comparative degree, ensuring the original meaning remains intact.

The original sentence is: "Gold is the costliest metal."

Rewriting in Comparative Degree

To rewrite the sentence in the comparative degree without altering its meaning, we need to compare gold with another metal. Since the original sentence implies gold is the most expensive, we can rephrase it to indicate gold is more expensive than other metals.

The rewritten sentence is: "Gold is more costly than most other metals."

Explanation of the Change

  • "Costliest" (Superlative) has been changed to "more costly" (Comparative).
  • The phrase "than most other metals" has been added to complete the comparison. This clarifies *what* gold is more costly than. Without this, the comparative form would be incomplete and grammatically incorrect.

It's important to note that simply saying "Gold is more costly than metal" is not ideal. "Metal" is too broad a category. Specifying "most other metals" provides a more accurate and meaningful comparison, aligning with the original sentence's implication.

Alternatively, if a specific metal is being compared, the sentence could be: "Gold is more costly than silver." However, the question doesn't provide a specific metal for comparison, making "most other metals" the most appropriate choice.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct transformation of the sentence "Gold is the costliest metal" into the comparative degree, while preserving its meaning, is "Gold is more costly than most other metals." This demonstrates a clear understanding of grammatical rules and the nuances of comparative language. The addition of "than most other metals" is crucial for a complete and accurate comparative statement.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Positive Degree
The positive degree of an adjective is the base form, used to describe a quality without making any comparison. Example: "This book is interesting."
Comparative Degree
The comparative degree of an adjective is used to compare two things. It is usually formed by adding "-er" to the adjective (for short adjectives) or using "more" before the adjective (for longer adjectives). Example: "This book is more interesting than that one."

Key Statistics

As of November 2023, the price of gold is approximately $1,985 per ounce (USD). This makes it significantly more valuable than many other metals.

Source: Kitco.com (as of Nov 21, 2023)

Silver, often compared to gold, trades at around $23 per ounce as of November 2023, highlighting gold's higher value.

Source: Kitco.com (as of Nov 21, 2023)

Examples

Comparative Adjectives in Daily Life

We use comparative adjectives constantly in everyday conversation. For example, "My car is faster than yours," or "This coffee is hotter than the one I had earlier."

Superlative Adjectives in News Reporting

News reports frequently use superlative adjectives to emphasize extremes. For instance, "This was the worst flood in the region's history," or "She is the tallest player on the team."

Frequently Asked Questions

What if the adjective is a short one, like 'tall'?

For short adjectives (typically one syllable), the comparative degree is formed by adding "-er" to the end. For example, "tall" becomes "taller."

Is it always necessary to include 'than' when using the comparative degree?

Yes, the comparative degree almost always requires the word "than" to complete the comparison. It indicates what is being compared to what.