UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20175 Marks
Q50.

Choose the appropriate word to fill in the blanks : (ii) The teacher encouraged the students to understand things and not learn by .

How to Approach

This question tests basic English vocabulary and understanding of prepositions/adverbs. The key is to identify the word that best contrasts with 'understand' in the context of learning. The correct answer will indicate a method of learning that relies on rote memorization rather than comprehension. Focus on words that imply memorization without understanding. A simple, direct answer is expected.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Education aims to foster not just the acquisition of knowledge, but also the ability to comprehend and apply that knowledge. While memorization has its place, a truly effective learning process prioritizes understanding over rote learning. This question assesses the ability to identify the appropriate term that signifies learning through memorization, contrasting it with the more desirable method of understanding. The blank requires a word that represents learning without comprehension.

The appropriate word to fill in the blank is 'rote'. The complete sentence would read: "The teacher encouraged the students to understand things and not learn by rote."

Explanation

Rote learning refers to memorization techniques based on repetition. It involves learning information without necessarily understanding its meaning. This contrasts directly with 'understanding', which implies a deeper level of cognitive processing.

Why other options are incorrect:

  • Heart: While 'learn by heart' is an idiom, it's less precise and doesn't capture the *method* of learning as effectively as 'rote'.
  • Head: 'Learn by head' isn't a standard English expression.
  • Chance: Learning by chance implies accidental acquisition of knowledge, which isn't the intended contrast.

The Importance of Understanding vs. Rote Learning

Modern pedagogical approaches emphasize understanding over rote learning. Constructivist learning theory, popularized by Jean Piaget, suggests that learners actively construct knowledge rather than passively receiving it. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 also stresses the importance of conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills, moving away from a purely memorization-based system. Rote learning can lead to superficial knowledge that is easily forgotten and difficult to apply in new situations.

Examples of Rote Learning

  • Memorizing multiplication tables without understanding the concept of multiplication.
  • Learning historical dates without understanding the historical context.
  • Memorizing grammatical rules without being able to apply them in writing.

The Role of Technology

Technology can be used to facilitate both rote learning (e.g., flashcards) and understanding (e.g., interactive simulations). However, the focus should be on using technology to promote deeper learning and critical thinking.

Conclusion

In conclusion, 'rote' is the most appropriate word to fill the blank, as it directly contrasts with 'understand' and accurately describes a method of learning based on memorization without comprehension. Shifting the focus from rote learning to understanding is crucial for fostering a generation of critical thinkers and problem-solvers, aligning with the goals of modern educational reforms like NEP 2020.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Rote Learning
A memorization technique based on repetition, often without understanding the meaning of the material being learned.
Constructivism
A learning theory that emphasizes the active role of learners in constructing their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experience and reflection.

Key Statistics

A 2018 study by the OECD found that students in countries with a greater emphasis on rote learning tend to perform lower on tests of problem-solving and critical thinking.

Source: OECD PISA 2018 Results

According to a 2022 report by UNESCO, approximately 258 million children and youth were out of school globally, highlighting the need for accessible and effective education systems that move beyond rote learning.

Source: UNESCO Global Education Monitoring Report 2022

Examples

Indian Civil Services Examination

Historically, the Indian Civil Services Examination was criticized for its emphasis on rote learning of facts and figures. Recent reforms have aimed to shift the focus towards analytical skills and conceptual understanding.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is rote learning always bad?

No, rote learning can be useful for memorizing basic facts and figures, such as multiplication tables or the periodic table. However, it should not be the primary method of learning, as it can hinder deeper understanding and critical thinking.