UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201715 Marks
Q7.

Why does the author think that there is a bright future for tourism in modern societies?

How to Approach

This question requires a comprehension-based answer, assuming the question refers to a specific author and their work (which is not provided). The answer should focus on the reasons the author articulates for a positive outlook on tourism, covering economic, social, technological, and potentially environmental aspects. Structure the answer by first outlining the general trends driving tourism growth, then detailing the author’s specific arguments, and finally, acknowledging potential challenges. The answer should demonstrate analytical skills and an understanding of the broader context of tourism development.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Tourism, a significant contributor to global GDP and employment, has undergone a dramatic transformation in recent decades. Driven by increasing disposable incomes, improved transportation infrastructure, and the proliferation of information technology, the industry has become increasingly accessible and diverse. Assuming the author in question observes these trends, their optimistic outlook likely stems from a belief in tourism’s inherent adaptability and its potential to foster economic growth, cultural exchange, and sustainable development. This answer will explore the likely reasons behind the author’s positive assessment of tourism’s future, based on prevailing trends and the industry’s evolving characteristics.

Economic Drivers of Tourism Growth

The author likely believes in a bright future for tourism due to its substantial economic benefits. Tourism generates revenue through various channels, including accommodation, transportation, food and beverage, entertainment, and retail. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), in 2019, the Travel & Tourism sector contributed 10.4% to global GDP and supported 334 million jobs. This economic impact is particularly significant for developing countries, where tourism can be a major source of foreign exchange and employment.

Social and Cultural Exchange

Beyond economics, the author may highlight the social and cultural benefits of tourism. Tourism facilitates cross-cultural understanding and promotes tolerance by exposing people to different lifestyles, traditions, and perspectives. It can also contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage by creating economic incentives for maintaining historical sites and traditional practices. The rise of experiential tourism, where travelers seek authentic and immersive experiences, further emphasizes this aspect.

Technological Advancements

Technological advancements are a crucial factor in the author’s optimistic view. The internet, mobile devices, and social media have revolutionized the way people plan and experience travel. Online travel agencies (OTAs) like Booking.com and Expedia have made it easier and more affordable to book flights and accommodation. Social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok inspire travel and provide a platform for sharing experiences. Furthermore, technologies like virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are enhancing the tourism experience, offering virtual tours and interactive exhibits.

Diversification of Tourism Products

The author likely recognizes the increasing diversification of tourism products. Traditional forms of tourism, such as beach holidays and city breaks, are being complemented by niche markets like ecotourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism, and culinary tourism. This diversification caters to a wider range of interests and preferences, making tourism more resilient to economic fluctuations and changing consumer demands.

Sustainability and Responsible Tourism

A forward-thinking author would acknowledge the growing importance of sustainability in tourism. While historically tourism has had negative environmental impacts, there is increasing awareness of the need for responsible tourism practices. This includes minimizing carbon emissions, conserving natural resources, protecting biodiversity, and supporting local communities. The author may believe that the industry is moving towards more sustainable models, driven by consumer demand and government regulations. Initiatives like carbon offsetting programs and eco-certification schemes are gaining traction.

Resilience and Adaptability

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the vulnerability of the tourism industry, but also its remarkable resilience. The author may argue that the industry’s ability to adapt to changing circumstances, such as the rapid adoption of hygiene protocols and the development of domestic tourism markets, suggests a bright future. The pandemic also accelerated the trend towards more personalized and flexible travel arrangements.

Trend Impact on Tourism
Rising Disposable Incomes Increased demand for travel and leisure activities
Technological Advancements Easier planning, booking, and sharing of travel experiences
Growing Awareness of Sustainability Demand for responsible tourism practices and eco-friendly options
Diversification of Tourism Products Catering to a wider range of interests and preferences

Conclusion

In conclusion, the author’s optimistic outlook on the future of tourism is likely rooted in a recognition of the industry’s economic significance, its potential to foster cultural exchange, the transformative power of technology, and the growing emphasis on sustainability. While challenges such as climate change, geopolitical instability, and potential future pandemics remain, the tourism industry has demonstrated a remarkable capacity for adaptation and innovation. A continued focus on responsible tourism practices and technological advancements will be crucial to ensuring a bright and sustainable future for the industry.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Experiential Tourism
A form of tourism where travelers seek authentic and immersive experiences, focusing on connecting with local cultures and communities.
Overtourism
The negative impact of having too many tourists in a particular destination, leading to overcrowding, environmental degradation, and strain on local resources.

Key Statistics

Global tourism contributed $9.2 trillion to the world economy in 2019, representing 10.4% of global GDP.

Source: World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), 2019 (Knowledge Cutoff: 2023)

International tourist arrivals globally decreased by 74% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 2020 (Knowledge Cutoff: 2023)

Examples

Costa Rica Ecotourism

Costa Rica has successfully positioned itself as a leading ecotourism destination, attracting visitors interested in its biodiversity and sustainable practices. This has generated significant economic benefits while protecting its natural environment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main challenges facing the tourism industry?

Challenges include climate change (extreme weather events, rising sea levels), geopolitical instability (terrorism, political unrest), overtourism (negative impacts on local communities and environments), and the need for sustainable practices.