UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201775 Marks
Q8.

Make a précis of the following passage in about one-third of its length. Do not give a title to it. The précis should be written in your own language :

How to Approach

This question requires a concise summary of the provided passage, reducing it to approximately one-third of its original length. The précis should capture the main ideas and arguments without including personal opinions or interpretations. Focus on identifying the core themes – the evolution of sustainable development, the SDGs, challenges to implementation, and the need for balance. Maintain a formal and objective tone, using clear and precise language. Avoid direct lifting of sentences; paraphrase effectively.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Sustainable development, a concept gaining increasing global attention, has moved beyond a purely environmental focus to encompass economic and social dimensions. Defined initially by the Brundtland Report in 1987 as meeting present needs without jeopardizing future generations, it has become a central framework for global progress. However, its implementation faces challenges related to ambiguity, funding, and the inherent conflicts between economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. This précis summarizes the key arguments presented regarding the evolution, implementation, and complexities of sustainable development.

The idea of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its inception, moving from a primarily ecological concern to a more integrated approach. The 1987 Brundtland Report provided a foundational definition, but the concept has been critiqued for its lack of precise metrics and susceptibility to superficial environmental claims.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A major step towards operationalizing sustainable development was the adoption of the 17 SDGs by the United Nations in 2015. These goals address a wide range of issues, including poverty, education, climate change, and responsible consumption, offering a comprehensive agenda for global advancement.

Challenges to Implementation

Achieving the SDGs, however, presents substantial hurdles. These include the need for significant financial resources – developed nations pledged $100 billion annually, a commitment not yet fully met – and technological innovation. Furthermore, conflicting interests often complicate progress.

Balancing Competing Priorities

Economic growth, while crucial for poverty reduction, can negatively impact the environment. Similarly, social equity requires addressing inequalities, which can sometimes conflict with economic efficiency. Successfully navigating these tensions necessitates innovative policies, collaborative partnerships, and a long-term vision.

The Urgency of Climate Change

The escalating threat of climate change underscores the critical need for a sustainable path. Ignoring the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic systems will inevitably lead to unsustainable outcomes, highlighting the importance of a holistic and integrated approach to development.

Conclusion

In essence, sustainable development represents a complex and multifaceted challenge. While the SDGs provide a valuable framework for action, their successful implementation requires substantial investment, technological advancements, and a commitment to balancing competing priorities. The urgency of climate change further emphasizes the need for a holistic and integrated approach to ensure a sustainable future for all generations.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Greenwashing
The practice of conveying a false impression or providing misleading information about how a company's products are environmentally sound. It is a deceptive marketing practice.
SDGs
Sustainable Development Goals: A collection of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all".

Key Statistics

$100 billion

Source: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (as of knowledge cutoff 2023)

Approximately 828 million people faced hunger in 2021.

Source: The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022 (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO)

Examples

Costa Rica's Renewable Energy Success

Costa Rica has consistently generated over 98% of its electricity from renewable sources, primarily hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar. This demonstrates a commitment to sustainable energy practices and environmental protection.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is sustainable development solely about environmental protection?

No, sustainable development is a holistic concept encompassing economic, social, and environmental dimensions. It aims to balance these three pillars to ensure long-term well-being.