UPSC MainsENGLISH-LITERATURE-PAPER-II201710 Marks150 Words
Q3.

Question 3

Comment critically on the following in about 150 words each, focusing on the context: A shape with lion body and the head of a man, A gaze pitiless and blank as the sun, Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.

How to Approach

This question demands a critical analysis of a poetic excerpt, focusing on its imagery and symbolic weight within a broader literary context. The approach should involve identifying the central metaphor – the sphinx-like creature – and unpacking its potential meanings. Consider the desert setting and the reaction of the surrounding environment. The answer should demonstrate an understanding of poetic devices like personification and symbolism, and potentially allude to relevant literary or mythological influences. Structure the answer by first establishing the central image, then analyzing its components, and finally, interpreting its overall significance.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The provided excerpt paints a vivid and unsettling picture, dominated by a powerful, hybrid creature – a body of a lion with a human head. This image immediately evokes associations with the Sphinx of ancient mythology, a guardian figure known for its enigmatic nature and challenging riddles. The desolate desert landscape and the disturbed reaction of the desert birds amplify the sense of awe and perhaps dread surrounding this being. The poem’s strength lies in its evocative language and the creation of a palpable atmosphere, demanding a critical examination of the symbolism embedded within its concise form. The ‘pitiless and blank’ gaze suggests an indifferent, almost god-like power, moving with deliberate slowness across a landscape that acknowledges its presence with ‘indignant’ unrest.

Decoding the Central Image: The Sphinx-like Creature

The dominant image is undeniably that of a sphinx, though not necessarily the traditional Egyptian one. The combination of lion’s body and human head signifies a fusion of brute force and intellect, instinct and reason. The lion, historically a symbol of power, courage, and kingship, provides the physical foundation, while the human head suggests contemplation, perhaps even judgment. This duality is crucial to understanding the creature’s role within the poem.

The Desert Landscape and its Reaction

The setting – the desert – is equally significant. Deserts often represent barrenness, isolation, and spiritual trials. The ‘indignant desert birds’ are a powerful example of personification. Their ‘reel’ing suggests a chaotic, disturbed reaction to the creature’s passage. This isn’t a neutral observation; the birds are actively protesting, implying that the creature’s presence disrupts the natural order. The desert itself seems to recoil from this being, highlighting its alien and potentially destructive nature.

The Significance of the ‘Pitiless and Blank’ Gaze

The description of the gaze as ‘pitiless and blank as the sun’ is particularly striking. The sun, while life-giving, can also be scorching and unforgiving. This comparison suggests that the creature possesses a similar indifference to suffering. The ‘blankness’ implies a lack of empathy or moral judgment. It is a gaze that observes without engaging, a power that simply *is*, rather than actively intervening. This reinforces the idea of the creature as a force of nature, operating outside of human concerns.

Symbolic Interpretations

Several interpretations are possible. The creature could represent the relentless march of time, indifferent to the fleeting lives of those it passes. It could symbolize an ancient, primordial power, awakened and moving across the landscape. Alternatively, it might embody the harsh realities of existence, the inevitable suffering that accompanies life. The slow, deliberate movement – ‘slow thighs’ – suggests inevitability and a power that cannot be resisted. The poem doesn’t offer easy answers; instead, it presents a potent image that invites contemplation and multiple readings.

Poetic Devices and their Impact

  • Imagery: The poem relies heavily on vivid imagery to create a strong sensory experience.
  • Personification: The desert birds are personified, giving them human emotions and reactions.
  • Symbolism: The sphinx, the desert, and the sun all function as powerful symbols.
  • Alliteration: The repetition of sounds (e.g., ‘slow thighs’) adds to the poem’s musicality and emphasizes certain phrases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the excerpt is a masterful example of evocative poetry, utilizing potent imagery and symbolism to create a haunting and ambiguous scene. The sphinx-like creature, set against the backdrop of a desolate desert, embodies a powerful, indifferent force that disrupts the natural order. The poem’s strength lies in its ability to provoke thought and invite multiple interpretations, leaving the reader to grapple with the unsettling implications of its central image. It’s a testament to the power of concise language to convey complex ideas and emotions.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Personification
The attribution of human characteristics or qualities to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract concepts.
Symbolism
The use of objects, people, or ideas to represent something else, often a deeper or more abstract meaning.

Key Statistics

The global poetry market was valued at USD 1.48 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.2% from 2024 to 2030.

Source: Grand View Research, 2024

UNESCO estimates that over 60% of the world’s languages are at risk of disappearing, potentially leading to a loss of associated oral traditions and poetic forms.

Source: UNESCO, 2023 (Knowledge Cutoff)

Examples

T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land"

Eliot’s poem, like this excerpt, utilizes fragmented imagery and symbolism to depict a sense of cultural and spiritual decay, reflecting the post-World War I disillusionment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the creature's slow movement?

The slow movement suggests inevitability and a power that cannot be resisted. It emphasizes the creature’s deliberate and unhurried progress, highlighting its dominance over the landscape.