UPSC MainsENGLISH-LITERATURE-PAPER-II201710 Marks150 Words
Q4.

Comment critically on the following in about 150 words each, focusing on the context: That how we live measures our own nature, And at his age having no more to show Than one hired box should make him pretty sure He warranted no better, I don't know.

How to Approach

This question requires a critical analysis of lines from a literary text, likely a poem or play. The focus should be on interpreting the lines within their broader context – the character speaking, the situation, and the overall themes of the work. The answer should demonstrate an understanding of the lines' meaning, the implications of the speaker's perspective, and the literary devices employed. A strong response will move beyond simple paraphrase to offer insightful commentary on the human condition as reflected in the text. Structure: Briefly introduce the context, then analyze each part of the quote, and conclude with a synthesis of its meaning.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The provided lines, imbued with a sense of disillusionment and resignation, likely originate from a dramatic monologue or a character grappling with a life perceived as lacking achievement. The speaker observes that a person’s life, their very ‘nature,’ is revealed through their actions and circumstances. The lines then focus on a specific individual – ‘at his age’ – who possesses only a ‘hired box,’ suggesting a life devoid of personal ownership or lasting accomplishment. This observation leads to a questioning of whether such a limited existence justifies any expectation of a better outcome, implying a harsh judgment on the individual’s worth and potential. The lines are a poignant commentary on societal expectations, personal responsibility, and the weight of unfulfilled potential.

Contextualizing the Lines

Without knowing the specific work, we can infer a context of social commentary. The “hired box” is a powerful symbol. It could represent a coffin, a rented room, or a limited social position – all suggesting a lack of agency and permanence. The speaker’s tone is critical, bordering on contempt, yet also tinged with a degree of pity. The lines are not merely descriptive; they are evaluative, making a judgment about the individual’s life and its inherent value.

Analyzing the First Sentence: "That how we live measures our own nature"

This statement establishes a fundamental principle: our actions and the circumstances of our lives are indicative of our character. It suggests a deterministic view, where our ‘nature’ – our inherent qualities and choices – are revealed through our lived experience. This echoes philosophical ideas about the relationship between being and doing. It implies that a life of hardship or lack of achievement is not simply a matter of bad luck, but a reflection of underlying flaws or limitations. However, it’s crucial to acknowledge the influence of external factors – societal constraints, economic disparities – that can significantly shape an individual’s life trajectory.

Deconstructing the Second Sentence: "And at his age having no more to show Than one hired box should make him pretty sure He warranted no better"

This sentence is the core of the critique. The phrase “at his age” implies a sense of finality, suggesting that the individual has reached a point where significant change is unlikely. The “hired box” is a stark symbol of emptiness and impermanence. The speaker’s conclusion – “He warranted no better” – is particularly harsh. It suggests that the individual’s life is a just consequence of their inherent shortcomings. This raises ethical questions about judgment and compassion. Is it fair to condemn someone for a life shaped by circumstances beyond their control? The use of “warranted” implies a contractual obligation, as if the individual had implicitly agreed to a life of mediocrity.

The Speaker’s Uncertainty: "I don't know"

The concluding phrase, “I don’t know,” is deceptively simple. It introduces a note of ambiguity and self-doubt. While the speaker has offered a scathing assessment, the final admission of uncertainty suggests a lingering unease. Perhaps the speaker recognizes the complexity of human life and the limitations of their own judgment. It could also be a rhetorical device, intended to provoke further reflection on the part of the audience. The uncertainty adds depth to the lines, preventing them from becoming a simplistic moral pronouncement.

Literary Devices

  • Irony: The speaker’s certainty about someone else’s worth while admitting their own uncertainty is ironic.
  • Symbolism: The “hired box” is a potent symbol of a life lacking ownership and meaning.
  • Judgmental Tone: The language is critical and evaluative, reflecting a harsh worldview.

Conclusion

In conclusion, these lines offer a bleak and uncompromising assessment of human life and potential. They explore the complex relationship between action, character, and circumstance, raising profound questions about judgment, responsibility, and the meaning of a life well-lived. The speaker’s harsh critique, tempered by a final admission of uncertainty, leaves the reader to grapple with the uncomfortable implications of their observations. The lines serve as a powerful reminder of the fragility of human existence and the importance of striving for a life of purpose and fulfillment, even in the face of adversity.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.