UPSC MainsENGLISH-LITERATURE-PAPER-II201710 Marks150 Words
Q5.

Comment critically on the following in about 150 words each, focusing on the context: A beggar once came with a violin to croak out a prostitute song that our voiceless cook sang all the time in our backyard.

How to Approach

This question demands a critical analysis of a seemingly simple, yet evocative, sentence. The approach should focus on unpacking the symbolism and social commentary embedded within it. Key areas to address include the depiction of class, the role of music as a reflection of societal realities, and the portrayal of marginalized individuals. The answer should move beyond a literal interpretation and explore the deeper implications of the scene described. Structure the response by first establishing the context of social stratification, then analyzing the symbolism of the violin and the song, and finally, commenting on the overall message conveyed.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The provided sentence, “A beggar once came with a violin to croak out a prostitute song that our voiceless cook sang all the time in our backyard,” is a potent microcosm of social disparity and suppressed realities. It presents a layered scene where poverty, exploitation, and the silencing of the marginalized intersect. The image evokes a stark contrast between the perceived respectability of the household and the hidden lives of those existing on its periphery. The sentence isn’t merely descriptive; it’s a commentary on the societal structures that allow such juxtapositions to exist, and the ways in which suffering is both visible and rendered invisible. This analysis will delve into the symbolic weight of each element, revealing the complex social dynamics at play.

Deconstructing the Social Landscape

The sentence immediately establishes a clear class divide. The “our” suggests a privileged household, likely belonging to the upper or middle class, while the “beggar” and “voiceless cook” represent the lower strata of society. This isn’t simply a matter of economic difference; it’s a power dynamic where the voices and experiences of the marginalized are systematically suppressed. The cook’s voicelessness is particularly striking – she exists within the household, yet her song, a lament likely born of her own hardships, remains unheard by those she serves.

The Symbolism of Music

The violin, traditionally associated with refinement and artistry, is wielded by a beggar, immediately subverting expectations. This juxtaposition highlights the irony of societal values – beauty and skill can exist even in the most degraded circumstances. However, the verb “croak” diminishes the musicality, suggesting a desperate, almost animalistic attempt to earn a living. The “prostitute song” is equally significant. It represents a taboo subject, a hidden underbelly of society that the privileged choose to ignore. The fact that the cook sings it “all the time” suggests its pervasiveness, indicating that such realities are not isolated incidents but rather systemic issues.

The Interplay of Visibility and Invisibility

The scene is one of paradoxical visibility. The beggar is physically present, yet his plight is largely ignored. The cook’s song is heard, but her voice remains unheard. This highlights the ways in which society can simultaneously acknowledge and deny the suffering of others. The backyard serves as a liminal space – a boundary between the public and private spheres, where the hidden realities of exploitation can unfold. The sentence suggests that the household is complicit in this system, benefiting from the labor and suffering of those on the margins.

A Critique of Social Hypocrisy

The sentence functions as a subtle critique of social hypocrisy. The privileged household likely maintains a facade of respectability, while simultaneously turning a blind eye to the realities of poverty and exploitation that sustain their lifestyle. The song, representing a transgression of social norms, is both condemned (through its association with prostitution) and tolerated (through the cook’s constant singing), revealing a complex and contradictory attitude towards the marginalized. The very act of noticing the beggar and his song, and then dismissing it as a mere “croak,” demonstrates a detachment from the human cost of social inequality.

Furthermore, the sentence can be interpreted as a commentary on the silencing of female voices. Both the prostitute and the cook are represented through their songs, yet they lack agency in their own narratives. Their experiences are mediated through the perspective of the observer, highlighting the power dynamics that prevent them from speaking for themselves.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the seemingly simple sentence is a powerful indictment of social inequality and the silencing of the marginalized. Through its evocative imagery and symbolic weight, it exposes the hypocrisy and complicity of the privileged, and the pervasive nature of suffering in a stratified society. The scene serves as a reminder that even in the most seemingly ordinary settings, profound social injustices can be unfolding, often hidden in plain sight. The sentence’s enduring power lies in its ability to provoke reflection on our own roles in perpetuating or challenging these inequalities.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Social Stratification
A system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy, based on factors like wealth, income, occupation, and social status.
Liminal Space
A transitional or in-between space, often characterized by ambiguity and uncertainty. In this context, the backyard represents a space between the private world of the household and the public world of poverty and exploitation.

Key Statistics

According to the World Bank, in 2022, approximately 9.2% of the global population lived in extreme poverty (less than $2.15 per day).

Source: World Bank (2023)

As of 2021, approximately 19% of India’s population lives below the poverty line (based on knowledge cutoff).

Source: National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Government of India

Examples

The Caste System in India

Historically, the caste system in India exemplifies rigid social stratification, dictating occupation, social interaction, and access to resources based on birth. While legally abolished, its effects continue to be felt in many parts of the country.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the "voiceless" cook?

The "voiceless" cook symbolizes the silencing of marginalized individuals, particularly women, whose experiences and perspectives are often ignored or dismissed by those in positions of power.