UPSC MainsANI-HUSB-VETER-SCIENCE-PAPER-I201810 Marks150 Words
Q4.

Write BIS specifications of nutrient requirements for chicken.

How to Approach

This question requires a concise presentation of BIS specifications for chicken nutrient requirements. The approach should be to first briefly introduce the role of BIS and its relevance to poultry farming. Then, systematically outline the key nutrient requirements (protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals) with indicative levels as per BIS standards. A tabular format will enhance clarity and readability. Finally, briefly mention the importance of balanced nutrition for poultry health and productivity.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) plays a crucial role in ensuring quality and safety across various sectors, including agriculture and allied activities. In poultry farming, adhering to BIS specifications for feed formulations is paramount for optimal growth, health, and productivity of chickens. Recognizing the significance of balanced nutrition, BIS has established guidelines for nutrient requirements, directly impacting the quality of poultry products and the economic viability of poultry farms. These specifications are regularly updated based on scientific advancements and evolving industry needs, ensuring best practices are followed. This answer will outline key nutrient requirements as per current BIS guidelines.

Role of BIS in Poultry Feed

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the National Standards Body of India. IS 13942:2020 (Poultry Feed - Specification) is the relevant standard. It aims to ensure that poultry feed provides the necessary nutrients for optimal growth, health, and productivity.

Nutrient Requirements for Chicken (as per BIS Specifications - indicative values)

Nutrient Requirement (Approximate %) Notes
Crude Protein 18-24% (varies with age/stage) Essential for growth, feathering, and egg production. Higher protein for chicks.
Metabolizable Energy (ME) 2800-3200 kcal/kg (varies with age/stage) Provides energy for bodily functions.
Fat 3-6% Source of energy and essential fatty acids.
Crude Fiber Max 8% Affects digestibility and nutrient absorption.
Calcium 0.8-1.2% (laying hens require higher) Bone formation, eggshell quality.
Phosphorus 0.4-0.6% Bone formation, energy metabolism.
Vitamins (A, D3, E, B-complex) As per BIS Schedule 4 Essential for various physiological functions. Deficiency can lead to health problems.
Minerals (Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Iron, Iodine) As per BIS Schedule 4 Important for enzyme activity, immune function, and overall health.

Specific Considerations

  • Broiler Chickens: Require higher protein and energy levels for rapid growth.
  • Layer Chickens: Need adequate calcium and phosphorus for strong eggshells.
  • Water: Clean and fresh water should always be available.

Importance of BIS Compliance

Adherence to BIS specifications ensures:

  • Improved feed efficiency
  • Better growth rates and egg production
  • Reduced disease incidence
  • Enhanced product quality and safety

Conclusion

In conclusion, BIS specifications provide a framework for formulating nutritionally balanced poultry feed, contributing significantly to the efficiency and sustainability of the Indian poultry industry. Regular review and updates to these specifications are vital to incorporate advancements in poultry science and ensure the continued production of high-quality poultry products. Farmers and feed manufacturers must prioritize adherence to these standards for optimal results and to maintain consumer confidence.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Metabolizable Energy (ME)
The energy available to the chicken from the feed after accounting for energy lost in feces, urine, and gasses. It's a crucial indicator of feed quality.
Crude Fiber
The indigestible portion of plant-based feed ingredients. High levels can reduce nutrient absorption and overall feed efficiency.

Key Statistics

India is the world's largest producer of eggs and the third largest producer of meat. (Source: FAOSTAT, 2022)

Source: FAOSTAT

BIS has approximately 7000 standards covering various products and services. (Source: BIS website)

Source: BIS website

Examples

Impact of BIS compliance in a poultry farm

A poultry farm in Maharashtra adopted BIS-compliant feed formulation. Within six months, they observed a 15% increase in egg production and a reduction in mortality rates by 8%, leading to improved profitability.

Frequently Asked Questions

What happens if poultry feed doesn't meet BIS specifications?

Feed that doesn't meet BIS specifications can lead to poor growth, reduced egg production, increased susceptibility to diseases, and ultimately, economic losses for poultry farmers. It also poses a risk to consumer health.

Topics Covered

Poultry ScienceAnimal NutritionFeed FormulationNutrient MetabolismStandards