UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY201810 Marks
Q14.

He died with fever.

How to Approach

This question, while seemingly simple, tests the candidate’s understanding of grammatical correctness, sentence structure, and the nuances of English language usage. The focus should be on identifying potential ambiguities and improving clarity. The answer should demonstrate an ability to rewrite the sentence in multiple ways, highlighting different stylistic choices and their impact on meaning. The approach will involve analyzing the original sentence, identifying its weaknesses, and then providing several revised versions with explanations of the changes made.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The sentence "He died with fever" is grammatically correct but stylistically awkward and potentially ambiguous. While understandable, it doesn’t convey the most precise meaning. The preposition "with" suggests the fever was a concurrent condition rather than the cause of death. Effective communication requires clarity and precision, especially in formal writing. This response will analyze the original sentence and offer several revisions, explaining the rationale behind each change to demonstrate a strong command of English grammar and style.

Analysis of the Original Sentence

The original sentence, "He died with fever," implies that the person was suffering from fever at the time of death, but doesn't explicitly state that the fever *caused* the death. This ambiguity can be problematic. The preposition "with" indicates accompaniment, not causation. It's similar to saying "He travelled with a suitcase" – the suitcase didn't cause the travel.

Revised Sentences and Explanations

Revision 1: "He died of fever."

This is the most common and grammatically preferred revision. The preposition "of" is used to indicate the cause of death. It clearly states that the fever was the reason for his demise. This is a direct and unambiguous statement.

Revision 2: "He died from fever."

While less common than "died of," "died from" is also acceptable and conveys the same meaning – that the fever was the cause of death. It's often used when the cause is a disease or condition. However, "died of" is generally considered more formal and standard.

Revision 3: "He succumbed to fever."

This revision uses a more formal and literary tone. "Succumbed to" means to give way to or yield to a force, in this case, the fever. It implies a gradual weakening and eventual death due to the illness. This is a more evocative phrasing.

Revision 4: "Fever caused his death."

This is a more direct and active voice construction. It explicitly states the causal relationship between the fever and the death. It's a clear and concise way to convey the information.

Revision 5: "He died as a result of fever."

This is a more elaborate phrasing that emphasizes the causal link. It's suitable for formal reports or medical documentation where precision is paramount. It leaves no room for ambiguity.

Comparative Table of Revisions

Revision Grammatical Correctness Clarity Formality
He died of fever. Excellent Excellent Standard
He died from fever. Good Excellent Less Formal
He succumbed to fever. Excellent Good Formal/Literary
Fever caused his death. Excellent Excellent Direct
He died as a result of fever. Excellent Excellent Very Formal

Considerations for Context

The best revision will depend on the context in which the sentence is used. For a news report, "He died of fever" is likely the most appropriate choice. For a medical report, "He died as a result of fever" might be preferred. For a fictional narrative, "He succumbed to fever" could add a more dramatic effect.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the original sentence "He died with fever" is not incorrect, it lacks the clarity and precision expected in formal English. Revising it to "He died of fever" or using alternative phrasing like "He succumbed to fever" or "Fever caused his death" significantly improves the sentence's effectiveness. The choice of revision depends on the desired tone and the specific context of the writing. A strong command of language involves recognizing such nuances and making informed choices to ensure clear and accurate communication.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Preposition
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Examples include "of," "with," "from," "to," "in," and "on."
Causation
Causation refers to the relationship between cause and effect. In the context of death, it means identifying the disease or condition that directly led to the person's demise.

Key Statistics

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 627,000 deaths globally were attributable to diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in 2021, many of which cause fever.

Source: World Health Organization (WHO), 2021

According to the National Health Profile 2019, infectious diseases, many of which cause fever, were responsible for a significant proportion of deaths in India.

Source: National Health Profile 2019 (Knowledge cutoff)

Examples

Typhoid Fever Outbreak

In 2009, Harare, Zimbabwe, experienced a severe typhoid fever outbreak. News reports consistently stated "people died of typhoid fever," clearly establishing the cause of death.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is "died with" ever correct?

Yes, "died with" can be correct if it indicates a concurrent condition, not the cause of death. For example, "He died with a smile on his face" – the smile didn't cause his death.

Topics Covered

Language SkillsEnglishGrammarSentence Structure