UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20185 Marks
Q28.

The girl into depression two years ago.

How to Approach

This question is a classic example of an incomplete sentence requiring grammatical correction and expansion. The approach should focus on identifying the grammatical errors (missing auxiliary verb, incorrect tense) and reconstructing the sentence to convey a clear meaning. The answer should demonstrate a strong understanding of English grammar, specifically tenses and verb conjugation. The response should provide multiple correct versions, explaining the nuances of each.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The provided sentence, "The girl into depression two years ago," is grammatically incorrect and lacks clarity. It’s a common error made by non-native English speakers, often stemming from a direct translation from other languages. The sentence requires the inclusion of an auxiliary verb and a correct verb form to express the intended meaning – that the girl *experienced* or *fell* into depression two years prior to the present time. This necessitates a discussion of past tenses and appropriate verb choices to convey the intended meaning accurately.

Grammatical Analysis and Correction

The original sentence suffers from several grammatical deficiencies. Primarily, it lacks an auxiliary verb (like 'has', 'had', 'was', 'went') to form a complete verb phrase. Secondly, the preposition 'into' doesn't function correctly without a preceding verb indicating a transition or state change. The phrase suggests an incomplete thought.

Possible Corrected Sentences and Their Nuances

Several corrected versions are possible, each with slightly different implications:

1. "The girl went into depression two years ago."

This version suggests a relatively sudden onset of depression. 'Went into' implies a transition from a non-depressed state to a depressed state. It's a common and acceptable phrasing.

2. "The girl has been in depression for two years."

This indicates that the girl's depression started two years ago and continues to the present. The present perfect continuous tense ('has been') emphasizes the duration of the condition. This is a crucial distinction from the previous example.

3. "The girl had fallen into depression two years ago."

Using the past perfect tense ('had fallen') suggests that the onset of depression occurred *before* another past event (which would typically be mentioned in a subsequent clause). Without further context, this sounds slightly awkward but is grammatically correct. For example: "The girl had fallen into depression two years ago, after losing her mother."

4. "The girl was in depression two years ago."

This indicates a state of being in depression at a specific point in the past. It doesn't necessarily imply a sudden onset or continued state, but rather a condition that existed at that time. It's a simpler and more direct way to express the idea.

Comparative Table of Corrected Sentences

Sentence Tense Implication Context
The girl went into depression two years ago. Simple Past Sudden onset of depression. General statement about a past event.
The girl has been in depression for two years. Present Perfect Continuous Depression started two years ago and continues. Focus on the duration of the condition.
The girl had fallen into depression two years ago. Past Perfect Depression occurred before another past event. Requires further context to be fully meaningful.
The girl was in depression two years ago. Simple Past (state of being) Depression existed at a specific point in the past. Simple statement of a past condition.

Importance of Context

The most appropriate correction depends heavily on the context. Without additional information, 'The girl went into depression two years ago' or 'The girl was in depression two years ago' are the most natural and commonly used options. However, if the intention is to emphasize the ongoing nature of the depression, 'The girl has been in depression for two years' is the most accurate choice.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the original sentence is grammatically flawed and requires correction. Several valid options exist, each conveying a slightly different nuance regarding the onset and duration of the depression. The choice of the most appropriate sentence depends on the intended meaning and the broader context in which it is used. A strong grasp of English tenses and verb conjugation is crucial for accurate and effective communication.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Auxiliary Verb
A verb that combines with another verb to form a compound tense (e.g., 'is' in 'is running') or to express mood, voice, or emphasis.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
A verb tense used to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present. It emphasizes the duration of the action. (e.g., "I have been studying for three hours.")

Key Statistics

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), globally, more than 280 million people of all ages suffer from depression. (Data as of 2023)

Source: World Health Organization (WHO)

According to the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), approximately 14% of the Indian population requires mental health intervention. (Data as of 2019)

Source: National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)

Examples

Impact of Language on Mental Health

Using stigmatizing language when discussing mental health can perpetuate negative stereotypes and discourage individuals from seeking help. For example, saying someone "is a schizophrenic" instead of "has schizophrenia" can be harmful.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between 'went into' and 'fell into' depression?

'Went into' suggests a more gradual transition, while 'fell into' implies a more sudden and perhaps unexpected descent into depression. Both are acceptable, but 'went into' is generally more common.

Topics Covered

Language SkillsEnglishGrammarPrepositions