UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20185 Marks
Q35.

Attenuate

How to Approach

This question tests the candidate's vocabulary and ability to demonstrate understanding of a word through usage. The approach should involve defining 'attenuate', then illustrating its meaning with multiple sentences showcasing different contexts. The answer should aim for clarity, precision, and grammatical correctness. Focus on demonstrating a nuanced understanding of the word, going beyond a simple dictionary definition. The answer should be structured as a definition followed by illustrative sentences.

Model Answer

0 min read

Introduction

The word ‘attenuate’ originates from the Latin ‘attenuare’, meaning to make thin or weak. In contemporary usage, it signifies the reduction in the force, effect, or value of something. It implies a gradual lessening or weakening, rather than a complete elimination. Understanding ‘attenuate’ is crucial for precise communication, particularly in fields like physics (where it describes the decrease in intensity of radiation), medicine (reduction in pain signals), and even social sciences (weakening of social norms). This answer will define the term and demonstrate its application through varied examples.

Defining Attenuate

‘Attenuate’ as a verb means to reduce the strength of something, or to make it less intense. It can refer to physical forces, emotional responses, or abstract concepts. The key characteristic of attenuation is that it’s a process of diminishing, not necessarily eliminating, the original strength.

Illustrative Sentences

Context 1: Physical Sciences

The lead shielding was designed to attenuate the harmful effects of X-ray radiation, protecting the technicians from overexposure. This demonstrates attenuation in a physical context, reducing the intensity of a force.

Context 2: Emotional Response

Over time, the initial shock of the accident began to attenuate, allowing her to process her grief and begin the healing process. Here, ‘attenuate’ describes the lessening of an emotional intensity.

Context 3: Signal Processing

The filter circuit was implemented to attenuate high-frequency noise in the audio signal, resulting in a clearer and more focused sound. This illustrates attenuation in the context of signal processing, reducing unwanted interference.

Context 4: Political Influence

The government’s attempts to attenuate public criticism through censorship proved largely ineffective, as information continued to circulate through alternative channels. This shows attenuation being used in a political context, attempting to weaken opposition.

Context 5: Economic Impact

Government subsidies were introduced to attenuate the impact of rising fuel prices on small businesses, preventing widespread closures. This demonstrates the use of attenuation to lessen a negative economic effect.

Context 6: Legal Consequences

The judge decided to attenuate the sentence due to the defendant’s remorse and cooperation with the investigation. This illustrates attenuation in the context of legal proceedings, reducing the severity of a punishment.

Context 7: Cultural Norms

Globalization and increased interconnectedness have begun to attenuate traditional cultural practices in some regions, leading to concerns about cultural homogenization. This demonstrates attenuation in the context of societal changes.

Synonyms and Related Terms

  • Diminish: To make or become less.
  • Weaken: To make or become weaker.
  • Reduce: To make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
  • Moderate: To make or become less extreme, intense, or violent.

While these terms share similarities with ‘attenuate’, the latter often implies a more gradual and subtle reduction in intensity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ‘attenuate’ is a versatile word denoting a reduction in force, effect, or value. Its application spans diverse fields, from physics and medicine to politics and culture. Understanding its nuanced meaning and being able to use it correctly demonstrates a strong command of the English language. The examples provided illustrate the breadth of its usage and highlight its importance in precise communication.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Attenuation
The process of reducing the strength or intensity of something, without completely eliminating it. It's a gradual lessening, often applied to physical forces, signals, or abstract concepts.
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs)
Actions, apart from medical vaccinations and medications, that are taken to prevent the spread of a contagious disease. Examples include mask-wearing, hand hygiene, and social distancing.

Key Statistics

According to a 2023 report by the World Health Organization, noise pollution in urban areas is estimated to attenuate sleep quality in approximately 45% of the population.

Source: World Health Organization (2023)

Studies have shown that wearing a high-quality N95 mask can attenuate the risk of contracting airborne viruses by up to 95%.

Source: CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - Knowledge cutoff 2023

Examples

Attenuation in Music

In music production, attenuation is used to control the volume levels of different instruments and tracks, ensuring a balanced and harmonious sound. A compressor, for example, attenuates signals exceeding a certain threshold.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is 'attenuate' interchangeable with 'eliminate'?

No, 'attenuate' and 'eliminate' are not interchangeable. 'Eliminate' means to completely remove something, while 'attenuate' means to reduce its strength or intensity, but not necessarily remove it entirely. Attenuation implies a lessening, not a total removal.

Topics Covered

Language SkillsEnglishVocabularyWord Meaning