Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Ethical dilemmas are inherent in public administration, arising from conflicts between competing values, duties, or principles. These situations demand careful consideration and a systematic approach to ensure decisions align with public trust and legal frameworks. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2008) emphasized the need for a robust ethical framework in governance to combat corruption and promote good governance. Resolving these dilemmas isn’t merely about legal compliance; it’s about upholding integrity, fairness, and accountability in public service. A proactive and well-defined process is essential for navigating these complex situations effectively.
The Process of Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
Resolving ethical dilemmas in public administration requires a multi-faceted approach. Here’s a step-by-step process:
1. Identify the Ethical Dilemma
- Clearly define the conflicting values or principles at the heart of the issue.
- Distinguish between ethical, legal, and administrative concerns.
- Example: A procurement officer faces pressure to award a contract to a politically connected firm, despite a more qualified bidder. The dilemma is between loyalty to political superiors and upholding principles of fairness and transparency.
2. Gather the Facts
- Collect all relevant information pertaining to the situation.
- Ensure the information is accurate, reliable, and complete.
- Identify all stakeholders involved and their interests.
3. Identify Relevant Ethical Principles
- Apply established ethical frameworks such as:
- Utilitarianism: Maximizing overall good for the greatest number of people.
- Deontology: Following universal moral rules and duties, regardless of consequences.
- Virtue Ethics: Focusing on the character and moral virtues of the decision-maker.
- Rights-Based Ethics: Protecting the fundamental rights of all stakeholders.
- Refer to codes of conduct for public servants (e.g., Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964).
4. Explore Possible Courses of Action
- Brainstorm a range of potential solutions.
- Consider the potential consequences (positive and negative) of each option.
- Assess the impact on all stakeholders.
5. Make a Decision and Test It
- Choose the course of action that best aligns with ethical principles and minimizes harm.
- Apply the “newspaper test” – would you be comfortable with your decision being public knowledge?
- Seek advice from trusted colleagues or ethics advisors.
6. Implement the Decision and Monitor the Outcome
- Communicate the decision clearly and transparently to all stakeholders.
- Monitor the implementation process and assess the actual consequences.
- Learn from the experience and refine the process for future dilemmas.
Tools and Frameworks
Several tools can aid in ethical decision-making:
| Framework | Description |
|---|---|
| The Four-Way Test | Is it the truth? Is it fair to all concerned? Will it build goodwill and better friendships? Will it be beneficial to all concerned? |
| Stakeholder Analysis | Identifying and prioritizing the interests of all parties affected by the decision. |
| Cost-Benefit Analysis (Ethical) | Evaluating the ethical costs and benefits of each potential course of action. |
Conclusion
Resolving ethical dilemmas in public administration is a continuous process requiring diligence, integrity, and a commitment to public service values. A systematic approach, grounded in ethical principles and stakeholder considerations, is crucial for maintaining public trust and ensuring good governance. Investing in ethics training for public servants and fostering a culture of transparency and accountability are vital steps towards strengthening ethical decision-making within the administration. Ultimately, ethical leadership sets the tone for a more just and equitable society.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.