UPSC MainsPSYCHOLOGY-PAPER-II201815 Marks
Q23.

Currently, administrative training focusses more on improving efficiency than on transforming the attitudes and behaviour of civil servants. What type of training will you suggest to fill this gap? Elaborate.

How to Approach

This question requires a nuanced understanding of administrative training in India and its shortcomings. The approach should be to first acknowledge the current focus on efficiency, then critically analyze why attitude and behavioral transformation are lacking. The answer should then propose a multi-faceted training approach incorporating elements beyond traditional classroom learning, emphasizing ethical grounding, empathy, and citizen-centricity. Structure the answer by outlining the current state, identifying gaps, proposing training modules, and suggesting implementation strategies.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Administrative training in India, historically rooted in the legacy of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), has largely prioritized the development of technical skills and procedural knowledge to enhance administrative efficiency. While crucial, this emphasis often overshadows the equally vital aspect of cultivating ethical conduct, emotional intelligence, and a service-oriented mindset among civil servants. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2008) highlighted the need for a shift from ‘rule-based’ to ‘result-based’ and ‘citizen-centric’ administration, implying a fundamental change in attitude. Currently, there's a perceived gap between the technical competence of civil servants and their ability to effectively address complex socio-economic challenges with empathy and integrity.

Current Focus and its Limitations

Presently, administrative training, primarily conducted at institutions like the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) Mussoorie, and various state-level academies, focuses heavily on subjects like public law, economics, financial management, and IT. These are essential for efficient governance, but they often fall short in fostering crucial soft skills and ethical awareness. The emphasis on ‘efficiency’ is often measured by quantifiable metrics like disposal rates and project completion, potentially incentivizing a bureaucratic approach that prioritizes adherence to rules over genuine problem-solving and citizen welfare.

Identifying the Gap: Why Attitudes Lag

Several factors contribute to this gap:

  • Lack of Experiential Learning: Traditional training relies heavily on lectures and case studies, lacking opportunities for real-world application and reflection.
  • Insufficient Focus on Ethics and Values: While ethics is a part of the curriculum, it often remains theoretical and disconnected from the practical dilemmas faced in the field.
  • Limited Exposure to Diverse Perspectives: Training often lacks sufficient interaction with diverse stakeholders, including marginalized communities, hindering the development of empathy and understanding.
  • Absence of Continuous Learning: Mid-career training is often inadequate, failing to address evolving challenges and reinforce ethical principles.

Proposed Training Modules for Attitude and Behavioural Transformation

1. Immersive Field Experiences & Rural Immersion Programs

Mandatory rural immersion programs, extending beyond the current short durations, should be implemented. Civil servants should live and work in villages, directly engaging with communities to understand their needs and challenges. This fosters empathy and a citizen-centric approach. Example: The ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ initiative could be integrated into these programs, promoting cross-cultural understanding.

2. Ethics and Integrity Enhancement Modules

These modules should move beyond theoretical discussions of ethical codes. They should incorporate:

  • Scenario-based simulations: Presenting realistic ethical dilemmas and requiring trainees to navigate them.
  • Role-playing exercises: Simulating interactions with citizens and stakeholders, emphasizing ethical communication and conflict resolution.
  • Mentorship programs: Pairing trainees with experienced civil servants known for their integrity.

3. Emotional Intelligence and Communication Skills Training

Developing emotional intelligence – self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, and social skills – is crucial for effective leadership and public service. Training should focus on:

  • Active listening skills: Learning to truly understand the perspectives of others.
  • Non-violent communication techniques: Expressing needs and concerns respectfully and effectively.
  • Conflict resolution strategies: Managing disagreements constructively.

4. Citizen Engagement and Participatory Governance Workshops

Training should emphasize the importance of citizen participation in governance. Workshops should focus on:

  • Social Audit techniques: Learning to assess the impact of government programs through citizen feedback.
  • Participatory budgeting: Involving citizens in the allocation of public funds.
  • Right to Information (RTI) and its effective implementation: Promoting transparency and accountability.

5. Technology-Enabled Learning and Gamification

Utilizing online platforms and gamified learning modules can make training more engaging and accessible. Example: Developing simulations that allow trainees to experience the consequences of their decisions in a virtual environment.

Implementation Strategies

Effective implementation requires:

  • Curriculum Reform: Revising the training curriculum to prioritize attitude and behavioral transformation.
  • Faculty Development: Training trainers in the latest pedagogical techniques and ethical frameworks.
  • Collaboration with NGOs and Civil Society Organizations: Leveraging their expertise in community engagement and social development.
  • Regular Evaluation and Feedback: Assessing the effectiveness of training programs and making necessary adjustments.

Conclusion

Addressing the gap between efficiency-focused training and the need for attitudinal transformation is paramount for building a responsive, ethical, and citizen-centric civil service. A holistic approach, incorporating immersive experiences, robust ethics modules, emotional intelligence training, and citizen engagement workshops, is essential. Investing in the development of well-rounded civil servants, equipped with both technical competence and a strong moral compass, will ultimately lead to more effective governance and sustainable development. Continuous evaluation and adaptation of training programs are crucial to ensure their relevance and impact in a rapidly changing world.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Emotional Intelligence
The ability to understand and manage your own emotions, and to recognize and influence the emotions of others. It encompasses self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.
Citizen-Centric Governance
A governance approach that prioritizes the needs and expectations of citizens, ensuring that public services are accessible, responsive, and accountable to the people they serve.

Key Statistics

According to a 2019 report by the World Economic Forum, 50% of all employees will need reskilling by 2025, with soft skills like emotional intelligence and critical thinking being particularly important.

Source: World Economic Forum - Future of Jobs Report 2019

A 2022 study by Transparency International India found that 53% of citizens had experienced bribery while accessing public services. (Knowledge cutoff: 2023)

Source: Transparency International India - Global Corruption Barometer

Examples

Kerala’s Local Self Government Training Institute (LSGTI)

LSGTI in Kerala focuses on capacity building of local government officials, with a strong emphasis on participatory planning and citizen engagement. This has contributed to Kerala’s success in decentralized governance and social development.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can the effectiveness of attitude-based training be measured?

Measuring attitude change is challenging. It can be assessed through 360-degree feedback, behavioral observation in field settings, and post-training surveys focusing on self-reported changes in values and perspectives. Long-term impact can be evaluated through citizen satisfaction surveys and performance appraisals.