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UPSC MainsPUBLIC-ADMINISTRATION-PAPER-I201810 Marks150 Words
Q15.

The process of administrative development is generally slower than the process of socio-economic development." How can the speed of administrative development be made faster?

How to Approach

This question requires understanding the inherent inertia within administrative systems and identifying strategies to accelerate their development relative to socio-economic progress. The answer should define administrative and socio-economic development, explain the reasons for the slower pace of administrative development, and then propose concrete measures to expedite it. A structure focusing on causes, followed by solutions, with examples, is recommended. Focus on reforms, technology adoption, and capacity building.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Administrative development refers to the increasing capacity of the public administration to discharge its functions effectively, efficiently, and equitably, fostering good governance. Socio-economic development, conversely, encompasses improvements in living standards, economic growth, and social well-being. While both are intertwined, administrative development often lags due to its inherent complexities and resistance to change. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2008) highlighted the need for a ‘pro-active and responsive’ administration, a goal yet to be fully realized. This disparity necessitates focused interventions to accelerate administrative modernization and ensure it keeps pace with societal advancements.

Reasons for Slower Administrative Development

Several factors contribute to the slower pace of administrative development:

  • Inertia and Resistance to Change: Bureaucratic structures are often characterized by established routines and a reluctance to adopt new methods.
  • Hierarchical Structures: Rigid hierarchies can stifle innovation and delay decision-making.
  • Lack of Capacity Building: Insufficient investment in training and skill development limits the ability of administrators to adapt to evolving challenges.
  • Political Interference: Excessive political influence can compromise administrative neutrality and efficiency.
  • Outdated Rules and Regulations: Archaic laws and procedures hinder responsiveness and accountability.
  • Limited Technology Adoption: Slow integration of technology restricts automation and data-driven decision-making.

Strategies to Accelerate Administrative Development

1. Digital Transformation & Technology Adoption

Leveraging technology is crucial. This includes:

  • E-Governance Initiatives: Expanding the scope of services offered online (e.g., DigiLocker, UMANG app) to reduce physical interactions and improve accessibility.
  • Data Analytics & AI: Utilizing data analytics and Artificial Intelligence for predictive policing, fraud detection, and policy formulation.
  • Cloud Computing: Adopting cloud-based solutions for data storage and processing to enhance scalability and reduce costs.

2. Reforms in Personnel Management

Reforms are needed to attract, retain, and motivate competent personnel:

  • Lateral Entry: Introducing lateral entry at higher levels to bring in specialized expertise from the private sector.
  • Performance-Based Appraisal: Implementing robust performance appraisal systems linked to rewards and promotions.
  • Capacity Building Programs: Investing in continuous training and skill development programs, focusing on emerging technologies and contemporary management practices (e.g., Mission Karmayogi).
  • Reducing Redundancy: Streamlining administrative structures and eliminating redundant posts.

3. Strengthening Accountability & Transparency

Enhancing accountability and transparency is vital for building public trust:

  • Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005: Strengthening the implementation of the RTI Act to promote transparency and citizen participation.
  • Citizen Charters: Implementing Citizen Charters to define service standards and provide redressal mechanisms.
  • Social Audit: Conducting social audits to assess the effectiveness of public programs and identify areas for improvement.
  • Grievance Redressal Mechanisms: Establishing efficient grievance redressal mechanisms (e.g., CPGRAMS) to address citizen complaints promptly.

4. Decentralization & Empowerment

Empowering local bodies and decentralizing administrative functions can improve responsiveness and efficiency:

  • 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts: Strengthening the implementation of these acts to devolve powers and resources to Panchayats and Municipalities.
  • Participatory Governance: Promoting participatory governance mechanisms to involve citizens in decision-making processes.

Conclusion

Accelerating administrative development requires a holistic and sustained approach. While socio-economic progress often benefits from market forces and individual initiative, administrative development necessitates deliberate policy interventions and a commitment to modernization. By embracing digital technologies, reforming personnel management, strengthening accountability, and promoting decentralization, India can bridge the gap between administrative and socio-economic development, fostering a more efficient, responsive, and citizen-centric governance system. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of these reforms are crucial for ensuring their effectiveness and achieving desired outcomes.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

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Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Good Governance
Good governance refers to the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented. It is characterized by participation, rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus orientation, equity, effectiveness and efficiency, and accountability.
Red Tape
Red tape refers to excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rigid formalities, especially in public business. It often leads to delays, inefficiencies, and frustration for citizens.

Key Statistics

According to the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (2022), India’s score on ‘Government Effectiveness’ is 42.88 on a scale of 0-100, indicating moderate effectiveness.

Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (2022)

A 2019 study by the Centre for Policy Research found that the average time taken to resolve a grievance in India is 48 days, highlighting the need for improved grievance redressal mechanisms.

Source: Centre for Policy Research (2019)

Examples

Kerala’s LSG-KSUM Initiative

Kerala’s Local Self Government – Kerala State Entrepreneurship Development Mission (LSG-KSUM) initiative exemplifies administrative development by empowering local bodies to promote entrepreneurship and economic development at the grassroots level.

Frequently Asked Questions

▶What is the role of the civil service in administrative development?

The civil service plays a pivotal role in administrative development by implementing policies, providing public services, and maintaining law and order. Their efficiency, integrity, and responsiveness are crucial for effective governance.

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