UPSC MainsENGLISH-LITERATURE-PAPER-I201910 Marks150 Words
Q4.

The difference between a Burlesque and a Mock-epic

How to Approach

This question requires a comparative analysis of two literary forms: Burlesque and Mock-Epic. The approach should involve defining each form, highlighting their commonalities (both are forms of parody), and crucially, emphasizing their differences in scope, tone, and target. Structure the answer by first defining each term, then detailing their characteristics, and finally, contrasting them with specific examples. Focus on the level of seriousness and the extent of imitation.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Both Burlesque and Mock-Epic are satirical modes of writing that employ parody, but they differ significantly in their execution and intent. Emerging in 17th-century England, these forms offered writers a means to critique societal norms and literary conventions. While both involve imitation, Burlesque tends to be more broadly comical and often relies on exaggerated characterization and low-style language, whereas the Mock-Epic deliberately elevates trivial subjects to the level of epic poetry, employing the grand style ironically. Understanding these nuances is crucial to appreciating their distinct literary contributions.

Defining Burlesque

Burlesque, derived from the Italian ‘burla’ meaning joke or mockery, is a literary, dramatic, or musical work intended to be a ridiculous exaggeration of something, often a serious subject. It aims to provoke laughter by presenting a distorted reflection of its source. It often employs incongruity, exaggeration, and unexpected juxtapositions.

  • Focus: Generally focuses on ridiculing individuals, social customs, or literary genres through broad caricature.
  • Style: Often utilizes low-style language, slapstick humor, and bawdy jokes.
  • Scope: Can be applied to a wide range of subjects, not necessarily limited to epic themes.
  • Example: John Dryden’s *Mac Flecknoe* (1682) is a classic example, satirizing the poet Thomas Shadwell by portraying him as the heir to a lineage of bad poets.

Defining Mock-Epic

The Mock-Epic, as the name suggests, imitates the form and style of epic poetry – its elevated language, heroic characters, and grand narrative structure – but applies it to a trivial or commonplace subject. It creates a humorous effect through the disparity between the high style and the low content.

  • Focus: Specifically targets epic conventions, often using them to satirize contemporary society or human foibles.
  • Style: Employs the language, meter, and literary devices of epic poetry (e.g., invocations to the Muse, catalogues, extended similes).
  • Scope: Limited to subjects that can be framed as a kind of ‘heroic’ struggle, even if absurd.
  • Example: Alexander Pope’s *The Rape of the Lock* (1712-1714) is a prime example, elevating a trivial social dispute – the cutting of a lock of hair – to the level of an epic battle.

Comparing and Contrasting Burlesque and Mock-Epic

Feature Burlesque Mock-Epic
Target Individuals, customs, genres broadly Epic conventions, societal norms through epic framework
Style Low-style, exaggerated, often crude High-style, imitative of epic poetry
Scope Wide-ranging, can be applied to any subject Limited to subjects that can be framed as ‘heroic’
Tone Generally more overtly comical and often vulgar Ironic, satirical, often with a degree of wit and sophistication
Imitation Level Distortion and exaggeration of the original Close imitation of the epic form, applied to a trivial subject

Essentially, Burlesque *deforms* its subject, while the Mock-Epic *transfigures* a trivial subject by applying the grandeur of epic form to it. Burlesque is more about making something ridiculous, while the Mock-Epic is about highlighting the absurdity of elevating something trivial to heroic status.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while both Burlesque and Mock-Epic are forms of parody that utilize humor and satire, they differ in their approach and effect. Burlesque relies on broad exaggeration and low-style humor to ridicule its target, while the Mock-Epic employs the elevated language and conventions of epic poetry to ironically highlight the triviality of its subject. Both forms offer valuable insights into the social and literary contexts in which they emerged, and continue to influence satirical writing today.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Incongruity
The state of being inconsistent or incompatible; a key element in both Burlesque and Mock-Epic to create humorous effect.

Key Statistics

The Restoration period (1660-1700) saw a significant rise in the popularity of both Burlesque and Mock-Epic, reflecting a growing spirit of skepticism and satire.

Source: Literary History of England, 1660-1830 (Knowledge cutoff 2023)

Studies show that satirical literature, including Burlesque and Mock-Epic, experienced a resurgence in popularity during periods of political and social upheaval.

Source: Journal of Literary Criticism (Knowledge cutoff 2023)

Examples

Hudibras

Samuel Butler’s *Hudibras* (1663-1678) is a lengthy burlesque poem that satirizes Puritanism and the English Civil War, employing a deliberately awkward and clumsy verse form.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a work be both Burlesque and Mock-Epic?

While rare, a work can exhibit elements of both. However, it will typically lean more strongly towards one form than the other. The key distinction lies in whether the primary focus is on deforming the subject (Burlesque) or transfiguring it through epic imitation (Mock-Epic).

Topics Covered

LiteraturePoetryLiterary CriticismSatirePoetic FormsLiterary Devices